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==Identification==
{{more citations needed section|date=August 2015}}
''Proteus'' species do not usually ferment [[lactose]], but have shown to be capable glucose fermenters depending on the species in a triple sugar iron ([[TSI slant|TSI]]) test. Similar to other members of the [[Enterobacterales]] order, bacteria from the ''Proteus'' genus are glucose fermenting, [[oxidase test|oxidase]]-negative
On the species level, [[indole]] is considered reliable, as it is positive for ''P. vulgaris'', but negative for ''P. mirabilis''. Most strains produce a powerful urease enzyme, which rapidly hydrolyzes urea to ammonia and carbon monoxide; exceptions are some Providencia strains. Species can be [[Motility|motile]],<ref name=Sherris>{{Cite book | editor = Ryan KJ | editor2 = Ray CG | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | edition = 4th | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 978-0-8385-8529-0 }}</ref> and have characteristic "[[Swarming motility|swarming]]" patterns.<ref name="pmid8932309">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Rauprich O, Matsushita M, Weijer CJ, Siegert F, Esipov SE, Shapiro JA |author6-link=James A. Shapiro |title=Periodic phenomena in Proteus mirabilis swarm colony development |journal=J. Bacteriol. |volume=178 |issue=22 |pages=6525–38 |date=November 1996 |pmid=8932309 |pmc=178539 |doi= 10.1128/jb.178.22.6525-6538.1996|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10629184">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Matsuyama T, Takagi Y, Nakagawa Y, Itoh H, Wakita J, Matsushita M |title=Dynamic aspects of the structured cell population in a swarming colony of Proteus mirabilis |journal=J. Bacteriol. |volume=182 |issue=2 |pages=385–93 |date=January 2000 |pmid=10629184 |pmc=94287 |doi= 10.1128/JB.182.2.385-393.2000}}</ref> Underlying these behaviors are the somatic O and flagellar H antigens, so named based on [[Kauffman–White classification]]. This system is based on historic observations of [[Edmund Weil]] (1879–1922) and [[Arthur Felix]] (1887–1956) of a thin surface film produced by agar-grown flagellated ''Proteus'' strains, a film that resembled the mist produced by breath on a glass. Flagellated (swarming, motile) variants were therefore designated H forms (German ''Hauch'', for film, literally breath or mist); nonflagellated (nonswarming, nonmotile) variants growing as isolated colonies and lacking the surface film were designated as O forms (German ''ohne Hauch'', without film [i.e., without surface film of mist droplets]).<ref>See also [[:de:Kauffmann-White-Schema]] in the German Wikipedia.</ref><ref>Weil, E. & Felix, A. (1917) Wien. Klin. Wschr. 30, 1509, cited in Smith, R.W. & Koffler, H., Bacterial Flagella, In Advances in Microbial Physiology, Vol. 6 (A.H. Rose & J.F. Wilkinson, Eds.), p. 251, Academic Press, 1971</ref><ref>Rietschel, E.T. & Westphal, O. Endotoxin: Historical Perspectives, In Endotoxin in Health Disease (H. Brade, Ed.), p. 11, CRC Press, 1999.</ref><ref>Hahon, N., Ed. Selected Papers on the Pathogenic Rickettsiae, p. 79, Harvard University Press, 1968.</ref>
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