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{{See also|Slavery in ancient Rome#Manumission|Ancient Roman Freedmen}}
Under [[Roman law]], a slave had no [[Person (law)|personhood]] and was protected under law mainly as his or her master's property. In [[Ancient Rome]], a slave who had been manumitted was a ''[[libertus]]'' ([[grammatical gender|feminine]] ''liberta'') and a citizen.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beard & Crawford |title=Rome in the Late Republic |publisher=Duckworth |year=1999 |isbn=978-0715629284 |location=London |pages=41, 48 |orig-year=1985}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hornblower & Spawforth
[[File:Mariemont manumission relief 02.JPG|thumb|250 px|Relief depicting the manumission of two slaves, with ''[[Pileus (hat)|pileus]]'' hats (1st century BC, [[Musée royal de Mariemont]]).]]▼
▲[[File:Mariemont manumission relief 02.JPG|thumb|250 px|Relief depicting the manumission of two slaves, with ''[[Pileus (hat)|pileus]]'' hats (1st century BC, [[Musée royal de Mariemont]]).]]
The soft felt ''[[Pileus (hat)|pileus]]'' hat was a symbol of the freed slave and manumission; slaves were not allowed to wear them:<ref name="sacred">{{Cite book |last1=Tate |first1=Karen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b7KbLLjzuRgC |title=Sacred Places of Goddess: 108 Destinations |last2=Olson |first2=Brad |publisher=CCC Publishing |year=2005 |isbn=1-888729-11-2 |pages=360–361}}</ref>
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A [[freed slave]] customarily took the former owner's family name, which was the ''nomen'' (see [[Roman naming conventions]]) of the master's ''[[gens]]''. The former owner became the [[Patronage in ancient Rome|patron]] (''patronus'') and the freed slave became a client (''cliens'') and retained certain obligations to the former master, who owed certain obligations in return. A freed slave could also acquire multiple patrons.
A freed slave became a citizen. Not all citizens, however, held the same freedoms and privileges. In particular contrast, [[
The freed slaves' rights were limited or defined by particular [[
If they were sharp at business, however, there were no social limits to the wealth that freedmen could amass. Their children held full legal rights, but [[
A notable freedman in [[Latin literature]] is [[Trimalchio]], the ostentatiously ''[[nouveau riche]]'' character in the ''[[Satyricon]]'', by [[Petronius]].
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