Imantodes cenchoa: Difference between revisions

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| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref =<ref name=iucn>[[species:Vanesa Arzamendia|Arzamendia V]] et al. (16 authors) (2919). "''Imantodes cenchoa''". The [[IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T197491A2489923. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T197491A2489923.en. Downloaded on 14 March 2021.</ref>
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758)
| synonyms = *''Coluber cenchoa'' <br>{{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
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}}
 
'''''Imantodes cenchoa''''' (common names: '''blunthead tree snake''', '''neotropical blunt-headed tree snake'''<ref name="RDB"/> and '''fiddle-string snake'''<ref name=Boos>{{cite book|author=Boos, HEA|author-link=Hans E. A. Boos|title=The Snakes of Trinidad and Tobago|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tItyRBj7-zUC| pages=114–115|location=College Station, Texas|publisher=Texas A&M University Press|year=2001|isbn=1-58544-116-3|access-date=23 August 2015}}</ref>) is a [[species]] of mildly [[venomous snake|venomous]], [[rear-fanged]] [[snake]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Colubridae]]. The species is native to [[Mexico]], [[Central America]], and [[South America]].<ref name="RDB">{{NRDB species|genus=Imantodes |species=cenchoa |accessdate=23 August 2015}}</ref>
 
==Description==
The blunthead tree snake averages about {{convert|800|mm|abbr=on}} in total length (including tail).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Myers CW|author-link=:frspecies:Charles William Myers|year=1982|title=Blunt-Headed Vine Snakes (''Imantodes'') in Panama, Including a New Species and other Revisionary Notes|url=http://cro.ots.ac.cr/rdmcnfs/datasets/biblioteca/pdfs/nbina-6358.pdf|journal=American Museum Novitates|number=2738|pages=1–50|access-date=17 July 2014|ref=myers}}</ref> Maximum total length is about {{convert|1.5|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Boos/>
''I. cenchoa'' is known for its long, slender body and very large head. The pupil of its eye is very distinct from other snakes. Most snakes found around the world are known to have very poor vision and rely mostly on smell and vibrations to detect signs of prey and predators. Arboreal snakes have much better vision than other snakes. The blunthead tree snake has a vertical slit for a pupil which allows the snake to look downward. This trait gives the blunthead tree snake an advantage over other snakes. The large eyes make up approximately 26% of its head.
 
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==Behavior==
Because the blunthead tree snake is nocturnal, it can be found in a resting coiled position in very shaded areas during the day. At night it forages for food through dense vegetation on the ground up to its resting places in the trees.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Henderson, RWRobert W.|authorauthor1-link1link=species:Robert William Henderson|author2=Nickerson, MA|author-link2=Max Allen NickersonA.|title=Observations on the Behavioral Ecology of Three Species of ''Imantodes'' (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae)|journal=Journal of Herpetology|year=1976|volume=10|issue=3|pages=205–210|url=https://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/herpetology/mn/pdfs/HendersonNickerson1975Imantodes.pdf|access-date=17 July 2014|ref=HK|doi=10.2307/1562981|jstor=1562981}}</ref>
 
==Reproduction==
The blunthead tree snake is a [[Mating system|polygynandrous]] reptile. Mating seasons can vary depending on the rainy seasons of its habitat. Some snakes mate year round, but the mating season of others may be synchronized with the wet and rainy seasons of their environment. For example, in areas with long rainy seasons ''I. cenchoa'' tends to show a much longer mating season compared to snakes in areas with shorter rainy seasons. The blunthead tree snake is an [[Oviparity|oviparous]] or egg-laying animal that has little or no embryonic development within the mother. Some blunthead tree snakes exhibit continuous reproduction depending on the environment that they live in. However, in an area that has seasonal rainfall, egg laying and hatching positively correlates with the rainy seasons. In [[Guatemala]] and [[Mexico]] for example, female snakes lay their eggs between June and July. These eggs will hatch around July and August, which are the typically rainy seasons in these countries. On the other hand, snakes in [[Brazil]] exhibit continuous reproduction. The eggs are laid from November to January and start to hatch around March throughout August. Both male and female blunthead tree snake reach sexual maturity about two years after hatching or at around {{convert|620|mm|in|abbr=on}} SVL ([[Snout-vent length|snout-to-vent length]]). The female snake can lay from one to three eggs, typically called a clutch, per breeding season depending on the size of the snake, its food habits, and environmental factors. The female will leave her eggs after laying them, not presenting parental care traits.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=de Sousa, KRMK.R.M.|author-link1=Kellen R. M. de Sousa|author2=Prudente, ALCA.L.C.|authorauthor2-link2link=species:Ana Lúcia da Costa Prudente|author3=Maschio, GFG.F.|author-link3=Gleomar F. Maschio|year=2014|title=Reproduction and diet of ''Imantodes cenchoa'' (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae) from the Brazilian Amazon|journal=Zoologia|volume=31|issue=1|pages=8–19|doi=10.1590/S1984-46702014000100002 |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/zool/v31n1/02.pdf|access-date=17 July 2014|ref=DePrMa}}</ref>
 
==Diet==
The blunthead tree snake is carnivorous and forages primarily at night. It [[Predation|preys]] mostly on small lizards (primarily anoles, such as ''[[Anolis capito]]'', ''[[Anolis latifrons]]'', ''[[Anolis limifrons]]'', ''[[Anolis mariarum]]'', and ''[[Anolis tropidogaster]]''),<ref name=ADO>{{cite web | url=https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Imantodes_cenchoa/ | title=Imantodes cenchoa (Blunthead Tree Snake) | website=[[Animal Diversity Web]] }}</ref> frogs (such as ''[[Craugastor crassidigitus]]'' and ''[[Craugastor raniformis]]''),<ref name=ADO /> and reptile and amphibian (such as ''[[Agalychnis callidryas]]'')<ref name=ADO /> eggs. Because the female blunthead tree snakes tend to have larger heads, they are capable of preying on larger reptiles and amphibians. ''I. cenchoa'' is rear-fanged and mildly venomous, but is not considered dangerous to humans.<ref name=Boos/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gutiérrez-C.|first1=P.D.|authorauthor1-link1link=species:Paul David Alfonso Gutierrez-C.Cárdenas|last2=Arredondo-S.|first2=J.C.|authorauthor2-link2link=species:Juan Camilo Arredondo-S.|title=''Imantodes cenchoa'' (Chunk-headed snake, Bejuquilla). Diet|journal=Herpetological Review|date=2005|volume=36|page=266|url=https://www.academia.edu/946395|access-date=17 July 2014|ref=diet}}</ref>
 
==References==