Dopamine: Difference between revisions

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Research motivated by [[bioadhesive|adhesive]] [[polyphenolic protein]]s in [[mussel]]s led to the discovery in 2007 that a wide variety of materials, if placed in a solution of dopamine at slightly basic [[pH]], will become coated with a layer of polymerized dopamine, often referred to as '''polydopamine'''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lee H, Dellatore SM, Miller WM, Messersmith PB | title = Mussel-inspired surface chemistry for multifunctional coatings | journal = Science | volume = 318 | issue = 5849 | pages = 426–30 | date = October 2007 | pmid = 17947576 | pmc = 2601629 | doi = 10.1126/science.1147241 | bibcode = 2007Sci...318..426L }}</ref><ref name=Dreyer>{{cite journal | title = Perspectives on poly(dopamine) | vauthors = Dreyer DR, Miller DJ, Freeman BD, Paul DR, Bielawski CW | journal = Chemical Science | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1039/C3SC51501J | volume=4 | issue = 10 | page=3796}}</ref> This polymerized dopamine forms by a spontaneous oxidation reaction, and is formally a type of melanin.<ref name=Lynge>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lynge ME, van der Westen R, Postma A, Städler B | title = Polydopamine—a nature-inspired polymer coating for biomedical science | journal = Nanoscale | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = 4916–28 | date = December 2011 | pmid = 22024699 | doi = 10.1039/c1nr10969c | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/51742922 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140307205318/http://www.researchgate.net/profile/Almar_Postma/publication/51742922_Polydopamine--a_nature-inspired_polymer_coating_for_biomedical_science/file/d912f50318c9e0c7bb.pdf | bibcode = 2011Nanos...3.4916L | archive-date = 7 March 2014 }}</ref> Furthermore, dopamine self-polymerization can be used to modulate the mechanical properties of peptide-based gels.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fichman G, Schneider JP | title = Dopamine Self-Polymerization as a Simple and Powerful Tool to Modulate the Viscoelastic Mechanical Properties of Peptide-Based Gels | journal = Molecules | volume = 26 | issue = 5 | pages = 1363 | date = March 2021 | pmid = 33806346 | pmc = 7961423 | doi = 10.3390/molecules26051363 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Synthesis of polydopamine usually involves reaction of dopamine hydrochloride with [[Tris]] as a base in water. The structure of polydopamine is unknown.<ref name=Dreyer />
 
Polydopamine coatings can form on objects ranging in size from [[nanoparticle]]s to large surfaces.<ref name=Lynge/> Polydopamine layers have chemical properties that have the potential to be extremely useful, and numerous studies have examined their possible applications.<ref name=Lynge/> At the simplest level, they can be used to increase the interfacial adhesion in epoxy composites,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fredi |first=Giulia |last2=Simon |first2=Frank |last3=Sychev |first3=Dmitrii |last4=Melnyk |first4=Inga |last5=Janke |first5=Andreas |last6=Scheffler |first6=Christina |last7=Zimmerer |first7=Cordelia |date=2020-08-11 |title=Bioinspired Polydopamine Coating as an Adhesion Enhancer Between Paraffin Microcapsules and an Epoxy Matrix |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.0c02271 |journal=ACS Omega |language=en |volume=5 |issue=31 |pages=19639–19653 |doi=10.1021/acsomega.0c02271 |issn=2470-1343 |pmc=7424712 |pmid=32803059}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Fredi |first=Giulia |last2=Zimmerer |first2=Cordelia |last3=Scheffler |first3=Christina |last4=Pegoretti |first4=Alessandro |date=2020-11-22 |title=Polydopamine-Coated Paraffin Microcapsules as a Multifunctional Filler Enhancing Thermal and Mechanical Performance of a Flexible Epoxy Resin |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/4/4/174 |journal=Journal of Composites Science |language=en |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=174 |doi=10.3390/jcs4040174 |issn=2504-477X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zimmerer |first=Cordelia |last2=Fredi |first2=Giulia |last3=Putzke |first3=Sascha |last4=Boldt |first4=Regine |last5=Janke |first5=Andreas |last6=Krause |first6=Beate |last7=Drechsler |first7=Astrid |last8=Simon |first8=Frank |date=September 2022 |title=Dopamine as a bioinspired adhesion promoter for the metallization of multi-responsive phase change microcapsules |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10853-022-07658-y |journal=Journal of Materials Science |language=en |volume=57 |issue=35 |pages=16755–16775 |doi=10.1007/s10853-022-07658-y |issn=0022-2461}}</ref> for protection against damage by light, or to form capsules for drug delivery.<ref name=Lynge/> At a more sophisticated level, their adhesive properties may make them useful as substrates for [[biosensor]]s or other biologically active macromolecules.<ref name=Lynge/>
 
== See also ==