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{{Nihongo|'''Toshiba Corporation'''|株式会社東芝|Kabushikigaisha Tōshiba|extra={{IPAc-en|lang|t|ə|ˈ|ʃ|iː|b|ə|,_|t|ɒ|-|,_|t|oʊ|-}}{{refn|{{Citation |last=Jones |first=Daniel |title=English Pronouncing Dictionary |year=2003 |editor-last=Peter Roach |orig-year=1917 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=3-12-539683-2 |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |editor2-last=James Hartmann |editor3-last=Jane Setter}}}}}} is a Japanese [[multinational corporation|multinational]] electronics company headquartered in [[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]], [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, elevators and escalators, electronic components, [[semiconductor]]s, [[hard disk drive]]s (HDD), printers, batteries, lighting, as well as [[Information technology|IT]] solutions such as [[quantum cryptography]] which has been in development at Cambridge Research Laboratory, Toshiba Europe, located in the [[United Kingdom]], now being commercialised.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1 April 2020 |title=TOSHIBA GROUP MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION CHART |url=https://www.toshiba.co.jp/worldwide/about/or-e.pdf |website=Toshiba Corp.}}</ref><ref name="quantumToshiba">{{Cite web |title=Toshiba to launch quantum cryptography services this year |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Technology/Toshiba-to-launch-quantum-cryptography-services-this-year |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=Nikkei Asian Review |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Toshiba QKD |url=https://www.toshiba.co.jp/qkd/en/why.htm}}</ref> It was one of the biggest manufacturers of [[personal computer]]s, [[consumer electronics]], [[home appliance]]s, and [[medical equipment]]. As a semiconductor company and the inventor of [[flash memory]], Toshiba had been one of the top 10 in the chip industry until its flash memory unit was spun off as Toshiba Memory, later [[Kioxia]], in the late 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Toshiba Science Museum : World's First NAND Flash Memory |url=https://toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp/en/learn/history/ichigoki/1991memory/index.htm |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=toshiba-mirai-kagakukan.jp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The History Of Our Memory｜Innovation story｜KIOXIA #FutureMemories |url=https://brand.kioxia.com/en-jp/history.html |access-date=16 July 2020 |website=KIOXIA #FutureMemories |language=en}}</ref>
The Toshiba name is derived from its former name, '''Tokyo Shibaura Denki K.K.''' ('''Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd''') which in turn was a 1939 merger between [[Shibaura Seisakusho|Shibaura Seisaku-sho]] (founded in 1875) and [[Hakunetsusha|Tokyo Denki]] (founded in 1890). The company name was officially changed to Toshiba Corporation in 1978. It was listed on the [[Tokyo Stock Exchange]]
A [[technology company]] with a long history and sprawling businesses, Toshiba is a household name in Japan and has long been viewed as a symbol of the country's technological prowess. Its reputation has since been affected following an accounting scandal in 2015 and the bankruptcy of subsidiary energy company [[Westinghouse Electric Company|Westinghouse]] in 2017, after which it was forced to shed a number of underperforming businesses, essentially eliminating the company's century-long presence in consumer markets.<ref name="bbc-20170411" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Soble |first=Jonathan |date=21 July 2015 |title=Scandal Upends Toshiba's Lauded Reputation |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/22/business/international/toshiba-chief-and-7-others-resign-in-accounting-scandal.html |access-date=11 July 2020 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Mochizuki |first=Takashi |date=5 June 2018 |title=Toshiba to Close the Book on Its Laptop Unit |language=en-US |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/toshiba-to-close-the-book-on-its-laptop-unit-1528175106 |access-date=27 July 2020 |issn=0099-9660}}</ref>
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===1939 to 2000===
[[File:Toshiba Vacuum tube Radio.jpg|thumb|right|AM-only Toshiba vacuum tube radio (1955)]]
Toshiba was founded in 1939 by the merger of Shibaura Seisakusho<ref>[http://www.shibaura.co.jp/e/company/history.html Corporate History | Shibaura Mechatronics Corporation]. Shibaura.co.jp. Retrieved on 26 July 2013.</ref> and Tokyo Denki. The merger of Shibaura and Tokyo Denki created a new company called Tokyo Shibaura Denki (Tokyo Shibaura Electric) ({{lang|ja-Hani|[[wikt:東京|'''東'''京]] [[wikt:芝浦|'''芝'''浦]] [[wikt:電気|電気]]}}). It was soon nicknamed Toshiba, but it was not until 1978 that the company was officially renamed Toshiba Corporation.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} The company was listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in May 1949.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2023 |title=Toshiba Delisted After 74 Years, Goes Private |website=[[Nasdaq]] |publisher=[[RTTNews]] |url=https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/toshiba-delisted-after-74-years-goes-private}}</ref>
[[File:Expo85 toshiba.jpg|thumb|left|The Toshiba pavilion at [[Expo '85]]]]
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