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After leaving political office, he returned to [[Bowdoin College]]. He was originally offered the presidency of the [[University of Maine|new state university in Orono]], but declined, hoping for the same position at his alma mater. That came in 1871, he was appointed president of Bowdoin and remained in that position until 1883, when he was forced to resign because of ill health from his war wounds. He also served as an ex-officio trustee of nearby [[Bates College]] from 1867 to 1871.
In January 1880, there was a dispute about who was the newly elected governor of Maine, and the [[Maine State House]] was occupied by a band of armed men. The outgoing governor, [[Alonzo Garcelon]], summoned Chamberlain, the commander of the Maine Militia, to take charge. Chamberlain sent home the armed men, and arranged for the Augusta police to keep control. He stayed in the State House most of the twelve-day period until the [[Maine Supreme Judicial Court]]'s decision on the election results was known. During this time, there were threats of assassination and kidnapping, and on one occasion, he went outside to face down a crowd of 25–30 men intending to kill him, and both sides offered bribes to appoint him a United States senator. Having gratified neither side in the dispute, he did not become a senator, and his career in state politics ended.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/the-maine-capitol-riot-of-1880/ |title=The Maine Capitol Riot of 1880 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=April 16, 2023 |website=New England Historical Society|access-date=December 29, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://emergingcivilwar.com/2021/03/02/joshua-chamberlain-stares-down-the-1880-maine-rebellion-part-one-of-two/ |title=Joshua Chamberlain stares down the 1880 Maine rebellion (part one of two) |last=Swartz |first=Brian |date=March 2, 2021 |website=Emerging civil War |access-date=
==Later life==
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