Hookah: Difference between revisions

In cities with indoor smoking bans, hookah bars have been forced to close or switch to tobacco-free mixtures. In many cities, though, hookah lounges have been growing in popularity.<ref>{{cite news|author=Harben, Victoria|title=Beyond the Smoke, There is a Solidarity Among Cultures|publisher=Cgnews.org|date=2 May 2006|url=http://www.cgnews.org/article.php?id=1692&lan=en&sp=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017095642/http://www.cgnews.org/article.php?id=1692&lan=en&sp=0|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2013|access-date=2013-09-03}}</ref> From the year 2000 to 2004, over 200 new hookah cafés opened for business, most of them targeted at young adults<ref>Lyon, Lindsay "The Hazard in Hookah Smoke". (28 January 2008)</ref> and located near [[college campus]]es or cities with large Middle-Eastern communities. This activity continues to gain popularity within the post-secondary student demographic.<ref>{{cite news|author=Quenqua, Douglas |title=Putting a Crimp in the Hookah|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=30 May 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/health/31hookah.html|access-date=2013-09-03}}</ref> Hookah use among high school students declined from 9.4% to 3.4% from 2014 to 2019 while cigarette smoking decreased from 9.2% to 5.8% during this same time period, according to the US CDC.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/infographics/youth/pdfs/tobacco-use-teens-2019-p.pdf |title=Tobacco Product Use Among High School Students|date=2019 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=8 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arrazola, RA|title=Tobacco use among middle and high school students--United States, 2011-2014|journal=Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report|date=17 April 2015|volume=64|issue=14|pages=381–385|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wang, TW|last2=Gentzke, AS| last3=Creamer, MR|title=Tobacco product and associated factors among middle and high school students--United States, 2019|journal=Mortality and Morbidity Weekly Report|date=6 December 2019|volume=68|issue=12|pages=1–22|display-authors=etal}}</ref> According to a 2018 study, 1.1% of students with some college but no degree, an associate degree or an undergraduate degree reported waterpipe or pipe tobacco product use either every day or some days.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Creamer, MR|last2=Wang, TW| last3=Babb, S|title= Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults — United States, 2018|journal= MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|date=15 November 2019|volume=68|issue=45|pages=1013–1019|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6845a2|pmid=31725711|pmc=6855510|display-authors=etal}}</ref> As of November 2017, at least 2,082 college or university campuses in the U.S. have adopted 100% smokefree campus policies that attempt to eliminate smoking in indoor and outdoor areas across the entire campus, including residences.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wang, TW|last2=Tynan, MA| last3=Hallett, C|title= Smoke-Free and Tobacco-Free Policies in Colleges and Universities ― United States and Territories, 2017|journal= MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|date=22 June 2018|volume=67|issue=24|pages=686–689|doi=10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a4|pmid=29927904|pmc=6013086|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

 

 

==Operation==