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{{Main|Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)}}
Most ethnic Germans fled or were [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)|expelled]] from European countries (Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary) under the [[Potsdam Agreement]] from 1945 to 1948 towards the end and after the war. Both those who became ethnic Germans by registering in the [[Deutsche Volksliste]] and Reichsdeutsche retained German citizenship during the years of Allied military occupation, after the establishment of [[East Germany]] and [[West Germany]] in 1949, and later in the reunified Germany. In 1953 the [[West Germany|Federal Republic of Germany]]
An estimated 12 million people fled or were expelled from the Soviet Union and non-German-speaking Central Europe, many of them being 'Volksdeutsche'.<ref name=Weber2>Jürgen Weber, Germany,
Local authorities forced most of the remaining ethnic Germans to leave between 1945 and 1950. Remnants of the ethnic German community survive in the former [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] republics of Central Asia. A significant ethnic German community has continued in Siebenbürgen ([[Transylvania]]) in [[Romania]] and in Oberschlesien ([[Upper Silesia]]) but most of it migrated to West Germany throughout the 1980s. There are also remnant German populations near [[Mukachevo]] in western Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|last=Grushenko|first=Kateryna|newspaper=Kyiv Post|date=14 October 2010|title=World in Ukraine: German heritage alive in Transcarpathian Ukraine|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/news/guide/world-in-uktaine/detail/86372/}}</ref>
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