First Battle of Bull Run: Difference between revisions

|}On December 20, 1860, [[South Carolina in the American Civil War|South Carolina]] was the first of seven Southern States to declare [[secession]] from the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] of the United States.<ref>Long, pp. 12-13.</ref> By February 1, 1861, six other Southern States passed ordinances of secession.<ref>These were Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas passed ordinances of secession,<ref> in that order. Long, pp. 23-31.</ref> The Constitution of the [[Confederate States of America]] was adopted in [[Montgomery, Alabama]] on February 8, 1861.<ref>Long, p. 33.</ref> On March 1, 1861, [[Confederate States Army]] forces assumed control of the military situation at [[Charleston in the American Civil War|Charleston, South Carolina]] from state forces.<ref>Long. p. 43.</ref> On April 12, 1861, open warfare between the Confederate States and the United States began when Confederate forces barraged [[Fort Sumter]] in [[Charleston Harbor]], which had been occupied by the United States Army since December 26, 1860.<ref>Long, pp. 56-57.</ref> On April 15, 1861 (two days after the Federal Army forces surrendered at Fort Sumter, one day after the formal surrender), [[President of the United States|President]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] issued a proclamation declaring an insurrection against the laws of the United States had taken place.<ref>Long, p. 59.</ref>