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{{Short description|Engineering failures in Louisiana during Hurricane Katrina}}
[[File:LeveeBreachesMap-NO-2-1-e1309608321488 (1).jpg|thumb|Levee breaches in the federally built Hurricane Protection System and the resulting flooding that occurred on August 29, 2005 in the New Orleans vicinity.]]
{{Use American English|date = November 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = November 2019}}
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After the [[Great Mississippi Flood of 1927]], [[United States Congress]] passed the [[Flood Control Act of 1928]] which authorized the Corps of Engineers to design and construct flood control structures, along with levees, on the Mississippi River to protect populated areas from floods. It also affirmed the principle of local participation in federally funded projects but acknowledged that the $292 million already spent by local interests was sufficient to cover local participatory costs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mvd.usace.army.mil/About/Mississippi-River-Commission-MRC/history/AppendixE/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090109031739/http://www.mvd.usace.army.mil/mrc/history/AppendixE.htm|url-status=live|title=Mississippi Valley Division > About > Mississippi River Commission (MRC) > History|archivedate=January 9, 2009|website=www.mvd.usace.army.mil|accessdate=December 19, 2022}}</ref> It is instructive to note that, in addition, sovereign immunity was given to the Corps of Engineers under Section 3 of the Flood Control Act of 1928, which states “no liability of any kind would attach or rest upon the United States for any damage from or by floods or flood waters at any place, provided that if on any stretch of the banks of the Mississippi River it was impracticable to construct levees.” 33 U.S.C. § 702c. Section 702c is sometimes referred as “Section 3 of the act,” based on where it appears in the Public law.
[[File:Authorized Plan of Protection.jpg|thumb|[[:File:Authorized Plan of Protection.jpg|Authorized Plan of Protection for Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity, Louisiana, November 1965. Map by U.S. Army Engineer District, New Orleans Corps of Engineers. Revised Dec 1970 and April 1978.
Heavy flooding caused by [[Hurricane Betsy]] in 1965 brought concerns regarding flooding from hurricanes to the forefront. In response, the Congress passed the [[Flood Control Act of 1965]] which mandated that henceforth, the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|Corps of Engineers]] is the agency responsible for design and construction of flood protection projects, to include those in Greater New Orleans. The local interests' role was maintenance once the projects were complete.<ref name=GAOReport>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d051050t.pdf |title=GAO Report on Lake Pontchartrain and Vicinity Hurricane Protection Project, September 2005 |access-date=November 25, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523230347/http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d051050t.pdf |archive-date=May 23, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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