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:<chem>H+ + HCO3- <=> H2CO3 <=> CO2 + H2O</chem>
The [[Henderson-Hasselbalch equation]] mathematically describes the relationship between blood pH and the components of the bicarbonate buffering system: <math chem display=block>p\ce{H}=pK_\text{a}+\log_{10}\frac{\left[\ce{HCO3-}\right]}{\left[\ce{CO2}\right]}</math> where ''pK''<sub>a</sub> ≈ 6.1. In clinical practice, the concentration of {{CO2}} is usual estimated via [[Henry's law]]: [{{CO2}}] = 0.03 × P<sub>{{CO2}}</sub>, where P<sub>{{CO2}}</sub> is the [[partial pressure]] of {{CO2}} in arterial blood.
== Consequences ==
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