Crime of passion: Difference between revisions

 

==Crimes of passion and attitudes towards women==

Crimes of passion are often committed against women due to beliefs about [[female sexuality]] and are often present in societies dominated by strong [[double standards]] related to male and female sexual behaviors, particularly related to premarital sex and adultery. Indeed, with regard to adultery, many societies, such as Latin American countries, have been dominated by very strong double standards regarding male and female adultery, with the latter being seen as a much more serious violation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19690828&id=zD0aAAAAIBAJ&pg=7328,4648572|title=The Milwaukee Journal - Google News Archive Search|work=google.com|access-date=1 February 2016|archive-date=9 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309062837/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=19690828&id=zD0aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OSgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7328,4648572|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>The Oxford Handbook of Latin American History, edited by Jose C. Moya, p. 387.</ref><ref>For Tranquility and Order: Family and Community on Mexico's Northern Frontier, 1800–1850, by Laura M. Shelton, pp. 76–87.</ref> Such ideas were also supported by laws in the West; for example, in the UK, before 1923, a man could divorce solely on the wife's adultery, but a woman had to prove additional fault (e.g., adultery ''and'' cruelty).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/overview/changesindivorce/ |title=Changes in divorce: The 20th century - UK Parliament |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119234919/https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/overview/changesindivorce/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/olympic-britain/housing-and-home-life/split-pairs/ |title=Divorce since 1900 - UK Parliament |access-date=2021-11-19 |archive-date=2021-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119234924/https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/olympic-britain/housing-and-home-life/split-pairs/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Similarly, passion defenses to domestic murders were often available to men who killed unfaithful wives, but not to women who killed unfaithful husbands (France's crime of passion law, that was in force until 1975, is an example). In traditional societies, women could not complain about [[Mistress (lover)|mistresses]], [[concubines]], and in many cultures even other wives (such as [[polygyny]]); whereas male sexual [[jealousy]] was recognized as the highest emotion that could justify even murder. Similarly, crimes of passion legislation made reference to fathers killing their daughters, but not sons, for premarital sex (such as Italy's law that was in effect until 1981); or [[Philippines]]'s law that continues to be in effect to this day (see Art. 247 called ''Death or physical injuries inflicted under exceptional circumstances''.<ref name="un.org">{{Cite web |title=An Act Revising The Penal Code And Other Penal Laws |url=https://www.un.org/depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/PHL_revised_penal_code.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212203328/https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/PHL_revised_penal_code.pdf |archive-date=2019-12-12 |access-date=2021-11-19}}</ref>). With regard to Philippines, this double standard is also seen in the crimes dealing with extramarital sex, which are defined differently for women and men, and punished more severely for women (see Articles 333 and 334<ref name="un.org"/>).