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Earlier, in August 1818, Bolivar had promoted Santander to Brigadier General and dispatched him to the ''Llanos'' of [[Casanare Department|Casanare]] along with 1,200 muskets, uniforms, and other supplies, with the mission of creating and training a New Granadan army for a future campaign to liberate New Granada. As this area of New Granada was one of the few places where there was no Spanish presence, it harbored many of the New Granadans who had fled Morillo's reconquest. Santander was able to effectively organize this army, which eventually reached around 1,200 men.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}}
By 1819, the young [[artillery]] Colonel José María Barreiro was the military commander of all royalist troops in New Granada, and counted with at least 4,500 trained soldiers of the III Division of the Expeditionary Army of Costa Firme scattered throughout the Kingdom.{{Citation needed|date=March 2024}} Since assuming command, his mission was both to attack and defend the kingdom against any rebel threat. As both Viceroy Samano and Morillo heard reports of Santander's efforts to organize an army in Casanare at the same time that Morillo penetrated the Apure region in Venezuela, Barreiro was instructed to attack Santander in Casanare. He deployed a force of 1,200 men 540 cavalry in March 1819, crossing the Andes and arriving in the llanos and reaching Pore in early April. This campaign was unsuccessful:<ref>Albi de la Cuesta, Julio (2019) p.383</ref>
==The campaign==
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