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[[File:HK Wan Chai Library Inside Bookcase a.jpg|thumb|200px|A [[library]] bookshelf in [[Hong Kong]] classified using the [[New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries]], an adaptation of the Dewey Classification scheme]]
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2011}}
The '''
{{cite web
|url = http://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/dewey/versions/print/intro.pdf
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|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609092439/https://www.oclc.org/content/dam/oclc/dewey/versions/print/intro.pdf |archive-date=Jun 9, 2022
}} Section 4.14 of the article states the DDC is "arranged by discipline, not subject"</ref>
It was first published in the United States by [[Melvil
The [[decimal]] number classification introduced the concepts of ''relative location'' and ''relative index''. Libraries previously had given books permanent shelf locations that were related to the order of acquisition rather than topic. The classification's notation makes use of three-digit numbers for main classes, with fractional decimals allowing expansion for further detail. Numbers are flexible to the degree that they can be expanded in linear fashion to cover special aspects of general subjects.<ref>Chapter 17 in {{cite book |last1=Joudrey|first1=Daniel N.|last2=Taylor|first2=Arlene G.|last3=Miller|first3=David P.|title=Introduction to Cataloging and Classification|date=2015|publisher=Libraries Unlimited/ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, CA|edition=11th|isbn = 978-1-59884-856-4}}</ref> A library assigns a classification number that unambiguously locates a particular volume in a position relative to other books in the library, on the basis of its subject. The number makes it possible to find any book and to return it to its proper place on the library shelves.<ref group="Note">Consider as an example a book on the network protocol IPv6. It will be located at 004.62, after general networking books (004.6) but before peripherals (004.7). It can thus be placed on the shelf in the correct location.</ref> The classification system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.<ref>{{cite web
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===1873–1885: early development===
[[Melvil
|publisher = American Library Association
|isbn = 978-0838906804
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|isbn = 9780262015899
|ol = 25075524M
}}</ref> He developed the ideas for his library classification system in 1873 while working at the [[Amherst College]] library. He applied the classification to the books in that library, until in 1876 he had a first version of the classification. In 1876, he published the classification in pamphlet form with the title ''A Classification and Subject Index for
|publisher = [s.n.]
|title = A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a ..
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===1885–1942: period of adoption===
[[File:1885 Decimal LibraryBureau.png|thumb|165px|1885 - Dewey Decimal Classification]]
The second edition of the Dewey Decimal system, published in 1885 with the title ''{{Sic|Decimal Classification and Relativ Index for arranging, cataloging, and indexing public and private libraries and for pamflets, clippings, notes, scrap books, index rerums, etc.|hide=yes}}'',<ref group=Note>Note that the title makes use of Dewey's "reformed spelling" in some areas.</ref> comprised 314 pages, with 10,000 index entries. Five hundred copies were produced.<ref name="comaromi155"/> Editions 3–14, published between 1888 and 1942, used a variant of this same title.<ref name=int-archive-summ>{{cite book|title=Dewey decimal classification and relative index |url=https://archive.org/details/decimal18v2dewe|publisher=Internet Archive|access-date=14 December 2013|year=1971|isbn=9780910608107 }}</ref> Dewey modified and expanded his system considerably for the second edition. In an introduction to that edition Dewey states that "nearly 100 persons
One of the innovations of the Dewey Decimal system was that of positioning books on the shelves in relation to other books on similar topics. When the system was first introduced, most libraries in the US used fixed positioning: each book was assigned a permanent shelf position based on the book's height and date of acquisition.<ref name="maichan"/> Library stacks were generally closed to all but the most privileged patrons, so shelf browsing was not considered of importance. The use of the Dewey Decimal system increased during the early 20th century as librarians were convinced of the advantages of relative positioning and of open shelf access for patrons.<ref name="maichan">{{Citation |publisher = The Scarecrow Press, Inc. |isbn = 978-0-8108-5944-9 |title = Cataloging and classification |last = Chan |first = Lois Mai |edition = Third |date = 2007 |page = [https://archive.org/details/catalogingclassi0000chan/page/321 321] |id = 0810859440 |ol = 9558667M |url = https://archive.org/details/catalogingclassi0000chan/page/321 }}</ref>
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