Energiewende: Difference between revisions

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In 2019, Germany's [[Bundesrechnungshof|Federal Court of Auditors]] determined the program had cost €160 billion over the last 5 years and criticized the expenses for being "in extreme disproportion to the results." Despite widespread initial support, the program is perceived as "expensive, chaotic, and unfair", and a "massive failure" as of 2019.<ref name=":5">{{cite news|access-date=16 February 2021|date=13 May 2019|first1=Gerald|first2=Stefan|first3=Alexander|first4=Frank|language=en|last1=Traufetter|last2=Schultz|last3=Jung|last4=Dohmen|location=Hamburg, Germany|title=German failure on the road to a renewable future|url=https://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-failure-on-the-road-to-a-renewable-future-a-1266586.html|work=Der Spiegel International}}</ref>
 
Russian fossil gas was perceived as a "safe, cheap, and temporary" fuel to replace nuclear power in the initial phase of ''Energiewende'', as part of the German policy of integrating Russia with the European Union through mutually beneficial trade relations. German dependency on Russian gas imports was presented as "mutual dependency."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Verflechtung und Integration {{!}} Internationale Politik |url=https://internationalepolitik.de/de/verflechtung-und-integration |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=internationalepolitik.de}}</ref>
 
{{See also|Ostpolitik|Wandel durch Handel}}