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With over four years of fighting, the Battle of Aleppo represents one of the [[List of sieges|longest sieges]] in modern warfare, which left at least 31,273 people dead,<ref name=vdc/> almost a tenth of the overall Syrian war casualties at the time. The [[Violations Documentation Center in Syria]] assessed the death toll. According to its records, between 19 July 2012 and 15 December 2016 there were 22,633 adult male deaths (73%), 2,849 adult female deaths (9.2%), 3,773 child male deaths (12.2%) and 1,775 child female deaths (5.7%). 23,604 or 76% of all fatalities were civilians, while only 7,406 or 24% were military deaths. Causes of death were explosions (910 deaths), shelling (6,384 deaths), [[summary execution|field execution]] (1,549 deaths), [[shooting]] (9,438 deaths), warplane bombardment (11,233 deaths), chemical and toxic gas attacks (46 deaths) and others.<ref name=vdc/>
Including both civilians and combatants combined, the casualties are between 35,000 to 45,000.<ref name=":2" /> According to a report by [[Action on Armed Violence]], there were an average 22.9 civilians deaths per casualty-causing airstrike in Aleppo, the highest in modern times.<ref>{{#invoke:cite news||url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/10/civilian-death-rate-in-israeli-airstrikes-higher-than-in-past-conflicts-study-finds |title=Civilian death rate in Israeli airstrikes higher than in past conflicts, study finds |first1=Dan |last1=Sabbagh |date=10 November 2023 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{#invoke:cite web||title=Numbers of civilian deaths per airstrike in 2023 Gaza far higher than previous Israeli bombings, but half that of Russian/Syrian attacks in Mosul and Aleppo. Under-reporting of the dead or less lethal tactics? |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/numbers-civilian-deaths-airstrike-2023-gaza-far-higher-previous-israeli-bombings-half-russiansyrian-attacks-mosul-and-aleppo-under-reporting-dead-or-less-lethal-tactics |website=[[ReliefWeb]] |date=8 November 2023 |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>
The pro-opposition monitoring group the [[Syrian Observatory for Human Rights]] (SOHR) gave a similar number: it registered that 1,612 days of fighting for Aleppo left 21,452 civilians dead. Among them were 5,261 children under the age of 18 and 2,777 women over the age of 18.<ref name=1600days/>
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