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'''Solomon''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɒ|l|ə|m|ə|n}}), Biblical Hebrew: שְׁלֹמֹה, romanized: [[Shlomo]]{{efn|{{Hebrew name|שְׁלֹמֹה|[[Shlomo|Šlōmō]]|Šălōmō}}, {{literally|peaceful}};<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Geoffrey |title=The Tiberian Pronunciation Tradition of Biblical Hebrew |volume= 1 |publisher=Open Book Publishers |year=2020 |isbn=978-1-78374-676-7 |page=305}}</ref> {{lang-syr|ܫܠܶܝܡܽܘܢ}}, {{Transliteration|syr|Šlēmūn}}; [[Arabic]]: سُلَيْمَان, ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA-LC|Sulaymān}}'', {{Transliteration|ar|Silimān}}, {{Transliteration|ar|Slemān}}; {{lang-el|Σολομών}}, {{Transliteration|el|Solomōn}}; {{lang-la|Salomon}}|name=solomon-names}} also called '''Jedidiah''',{{efn|[[Hebrew language|Hebrew:]] {{Lang-he|{{Script/Hebrew|יְדִידְיָהּ}}|label=none}}, [[Modern Hebrew|Modern]]: {{Transliteration|he|Yǝdīdyah}}, [[Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian]]: ''Yăḏīḏyāh'', "beloved of [[Yahweh|Yah]]"|name=jedidiah-names}} was a monarch of [[History of ancient Israel and Judah|ancient Israel]] and the son and successor of [[King David]], according to the [[Hebrew Bible]] or [[Old Testament]].<ref>[[Books of Kings|Book of Kings]]: 1{{nbsp}} Kings 1–11; [[Books of Chronicles]]: 1{{nbsp}}Chronicles 28–29, 2{{nbsp}}Chronicles 1–9</ref><ref name="JewEnc">{{cite encyclopedia |year=1906 |title=Temple of Solomon |encyclopedia=Jewish Encyclopedia |url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/14310-temple-of-solomon |access-date=2018-10-24 |last=Barton |first=George A. |pages=98–101}}</ref> He is described as having been the penultimate ruler of an amalgamated [[Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)|Israel and Judah]]. The hypothesized dates of Solomon's reign are from 970 to 931 BCE. After his death, his son and successor [[Rehoboam]] would adopt a harsh policy towards the northern tribes, eventually leading to the splitting of the [[Israelites]] between the [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]] in the north and the [[Kingdom of Judah]] in the south. Following the split, his [[Patrilineality#In the Bible|patrilineal descendants]] ruled over Judah alone.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stefon |first1=Matt |title=Solomon king of Israel |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Solomon |date=27 June 2023 |publisher=Britannica}}</ref>
The Bible says Solomon built the [[Solomon's Temple|First Temple]] in [[Jerusalem]],<ref name='JewEnc'/> dedicating the temple to [[Yahweh]], or [[God in Judaism|God]].<ref>1 Kings 5:5; 8:20</ref> Solomon is portrayed as wealthy, wise and powerful, and as one of the 48 [[Prophets in Judaism|Jewish prophets]].<ref>{{Citation |author=[[Rashi]] |title=''to'' Megillah |at=14a}}</ref> He is also the subject of many later references and legends, most notably in the [[Testament of Solomon]] (part of first-century [[biblical apocrypha]]).
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