Urination: Difference between revisions

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====Males====
[[File:Peeing .jpg|thumb|upright|A man uses a [[urinal]], whilevoiding urinatingurine in a standing position.]]
MostCultures malesdiffer preferaround tothe urinateworld standingregarding whilesocially othersaccepted prefervoiding topositions urinateand sittingpreferences: orin [[squattingthe position|squatting]].Middle-East Elderlyand malesAsia, withthe [[prostatesquatting glandposition]] enlargementwas maymore benefit from sitting downprevalent, while in healthythe males,Western no difference is found inworld the ability to urinate.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Jong Y, Pinckaers JH, ten Brinck RM, Lycklama à Nijeholt AA, Dekkers OM | title = Urinating Standing versus Sitting: Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Reviewstanding and Meta-Analysis.sitting |positions journalwere =more PLOS ONE | volume = 9 | issue = 7 | pages = e101320 | date = 2014 | pmid = 25051345 | pmc = 4106761 | doi = 10common.1371/journal.pone.0101320 | bibcode = 2014PLoSO...9j1320D | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="Y. de Jong2014review">{{cite web|url = http://www.mednet.nl/wosmedia/1718/mictiehouding_tvu.pdf|title = Influence of voiding posture on urodynamic parameters in men: a literature review (in Dutch)|author = Y. de Jong |publisher = Nederlands Tijdschrift voor urologie)|access-date = 2 July 2014}}</ref> For practising [[Muslim]] men, the genital [[modesty]] of squatting is also associated with proper [[cleanliness]] requirements or [[awrah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.suhaibwebb.com/ummah/men/standing-and-urinating-in-islam|title=Standing up and urinating in Islam|author=Mustafa Umar|publisher=Iman Suhaib Webb (USA)|access-date=11 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530003904/http://www.suhaibwebb.com/ummah/men/standing-and-urinating-in-islam/|archive-date=30 May 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In Western culture, the [[Standard anatomical position|standing position]] is regarded as the more efficient option among healthy males.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} In restrooms without urinals, and sometimes at home, men may be urged to use the sitting position as to diminish spattering of urine.<ref name="2014review" />
 
AElderly systematicmales reviewwith [[meta-analysisprostate gland]] ofenlargement themay effectbenefit offrom voidingsitting positiondown onto urinate, with the qualityseated ofvoiding urinationposition found thatsuperior as compared with standing in elderly males with [[benign prostate hyperplasia]], the sitting position was superior compared with the standing.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=de Jong|first1=Y|last2=Pinckaers|first2=JH|last3=Ten Brinck|first3=RM|last4=Lycklama À Nijeholt|first4=AA|last5=Dekkers|first5=OM|title=Urinating Standing versus Sitting: Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2014| volume=9|issue=7|pages=e101320|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0101320|pmid=25051345|pmc=4106761|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j1320D|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>Russell, J. G. B. "Moulding Of The Pelvic Outlet." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 76.9 (1969): 817-20. Print.</ref> Healthy males were not influenced by voiding position.
In Western culture, the [[Anatomical terminology|standing position]] is regarded by some as more comfortable and more masculine than the sitting or squatting option.{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} However, in public restrooms without urinals and sometimes at home, men may be urged to use the sitting position as to diminish spattering of urine.<ref name="Y. de Jong"/>
A systematic review [[meta-analysis]] of the effect of voiding position on the quality of urination found that in elderly males with [[benign prostate hyperplasia]], the sitting position was superior compared with the standing.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=de Jong|first1=Y|last2=Pinckaers|first2=JH|last3=Ten Brinck|first3=RM|last4=Lycklama À Nijeholt|first4=AA|last5=Dekkers|first5=OM|title=Urinating Standing versus Sitting: Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2014|volume=9|issue=7|pages=e101320|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0101320|pmid=25051345|pmc=4106761|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j1320D|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>Russell, J. G. B. "Moulding Of The Pelvic Outlet." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 76.9 (1969): 817-20. Print.</ref> Healthy males were not influenced by voiding position.
 
A literature review found cultural differences in socially accepted voiding positions around the world and found differences in preferred position: in the Middle-East and Asia, the [[squatting position]] was more prevalent, while in the Western world the standing and sitting positions were more common.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.mednet.nl/wosmedia/1718/mictiehouding_tvu.pdf|title = Influence of voiding posture on urodynamic parameters in men: a literature review (in Dutch)|author = Y. de Jong|publisher = Nederlands Tijdschrift voor urologie|access-date = 2 July 2014}}</ref>
 
====Females====