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'''Durban''' ({{IPAc-en|'|d|ɜːr|b|ə|n}} {{respell|DUR|bən}}; {{lang-zu|eThekwini}}, from {{lang|zu|itheku}} meaning "bay, lagoon"){{efn | Also called {{lang-zu|eZibubulungwini|label=none}} for the mountain range that terminates in the area.}} is the third-most populous city in [[South Africa]], after [[Johannesburg]] and [[Cape Town]], and the largest city in the [[Provinces of South Africa|province]] of [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Situated on the east coast of South Africa, on the Natal Bay of the [[Indian Ocean]], Durban is [[Port of Durban|South Africa's busiest port]] and was formerly named Port Natal. North of the harbour and city centre lies the mouth of the [[Umgeni River]]; the flat city centre rises to the hills of the [[Berea, Durban|Berea]] on the west; and to the south, running along the coast, is the [[Bluff, KwaZulu-Natal|Bluff]]. Durban is the seat of the larger [[eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality]], which spans an area of {{cvt|2556|km2|sqmi}} and had a population of 4.2{{nbsp}}million in [[2022 South African census|2022]],<ref name="census2022" /> making the metropolitan population one of [[Africa]]'s largest on the Indian Ocean. The city has a [[humid subtropical climate]], with hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Roberts | first1=Debra | last2=O'Donoghue | first2=Sean | date=2013 | title=Urban environmental challenges and climate change action in Durban, South Africa | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0956247813500904 | journal=Environment and Urbanization | volume=25 | issue=2 | pages=299–319 | doi=10.1177/0956247813500904 | doi-access=free | access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref>
Archaeological evidence from the [[Drakensberg]] mountains suggests that the area had been inhabited by [[hunter-gatherers]] millennia ago. Later, the [[Nguni people]] occupied the region. During [[Christmas]] 1497, [[Vasco da Gama]] saw the coast and named it {{lang|pt|Natal}}, the Portuguese word for Christmas. In 1824, English traders from [[Cape Colony]], led by [[Francis Farewell]] and [[Henry Fynn]], established a trading post at Port Natal, and later that year, [[Shaka]], the Zulu king, granted them land around the Bay. In 1835, the settlement was named after Sir Benjamin D'Urban, then governor of Cape Colony. From 1860 onwards, indentured labourers from [[British India]] arrived in Durban, as well as later passenger [[Indian South Africans|Indians
Durban has a rich, diverse heritage, with large [[Zulu people|Zulu]], [[Indian South Africans|Indian]], [[White South African|White]], and [[Coloureds|Coloured]] populations. Historically, it was a popular tourist destination domestically because of its beaches and warm climate,<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Maharaj | first1=Brij | last2=Pillay | first2=Vino | last3=Sucheran | first3=Reshma | name-list-style=and | date=2008 | title=Durban - A subtropical coastal paradise? Tourism dynamics in a post-apartheid city | url=https://journals.openedition.org/etudescaribeennes/1192?lang=en | journal=Études caribéennes | issue=9–10 | doi=10.4000/etudescaribeennes.1192 | doi-access=free | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref> but in recent years, tourism has declined.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-01-04-durban-tourism-still-limping-following-lacklustre-holiday-season-while-kzn-overall-sees-uptick/ | title=Durban tourism still limping following lacklustre holiday season while KZN overall sees uptick | last=Sikhakhane | first=Naledi | date=4 January 2024 | website=[[Daily Maverick]] | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/durban-can-wave-tourism-goodbye-if-it-doesnt-get-its-act-together-fast-07fb7153-284b-46c4-8c0d-205a905d2479 | title=Durban can wave tourism goodbye if it doesn't get its act together fast | last=Dludla | first=Siphelele | date=24 September 2023 | website=[[Independent Online]] | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref> Some notable places are the [[Golden Mile, Durban|Golden Mile]] beachfront, [[Durban Botanic Gardens|Botanic Gardens]], the [[Durban Art Gallery|Art Gallery]] and Natural Science Museum at [[Durban City Hall|City Hall]], the [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor-style]] Playhouse Theatre, [[uShaka Marine World]], and the [[Inkosi Albert Luthuli International Convention Centre|International Convention Centre]]. In addition to various architectural styles, ranging from [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] to [[Contemporary architecture|contemporary]], [[Art Deco in Durban|Art Deco]] left its stamp on many of Durban's buildings.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theheritageportal.co.za/article/art-deco-durban | title=Art Deco Durban | last=Munro | first=Kathy | date=3 December 2019 | website=The Heritage Portal | access-date=1 April 2024}}</ref> As of 2018, the metro contributed 59.9% and 9.6% to the provincial and national [[gross domestic product]], respectively, and the main sectors were finance, community services, manufacturing, trade, transport, and tourism.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.durban.gov.za/pages/government/about-ethekwini | title=About EThekwini | website=EThekwini Municipality | access-date=30 March 2024}}</ref> Durban became [[UNESCO]]'s first [[City of Literature]] in Africa,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.litnet.co.za/durban-first-city-african-continent-become-unesco-world-city-literature/ | title=Durban first city on the African continent to become a Unesco World City of Literature | last1=David | first1=Darryl | last2=Meyer | first2=Naomi | date=1 November 2017 | website=LitNet | access-date=15 March 2024}}</ref> and was one of the host cities of the [[2010 FIFA World Cup]], for which the [[Moses Mabhida Stadium]] was built.
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