Kleptocracy: Difference between revisions

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undoing good faith edit - this doesn't improve the article and it's already linked below, is there a kleptocracy that isn't a kakistocracy?
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==Characteristics==
Kleptocracies are generally associated with [[dictatorship]]s, [[oligarchies]], [[military juntas]], [[kakistocracy]], or other forms of [[autocracy|autocratic]] and [[Nepotism|nepotist]] governments in which external oversight is impossible or does not exist. They can also be found in [[Liberal Democracy|liberal democracies]] with [[crony capitalism]]. This lack of oversight can be caused or exacerbated by the ability of the kleptocratic officials to control both the supply of public funds and the means of disbursal for those funds.
 
Kleptocratic rulers often treat their country's [[treasury]] as a source of personal wealth, spending funds on [[luxury good]]s and extravagances as they see fit. Many kleptocratic rulers secretly transfer public funds into hidden personal [[numbered bank account]]s in foreign countries to provide for themselves if removed from power.<ref name=divideandrule>{{cite journal | last1=Acemoglu | first1=Daron | last2=Verdier | first2=Thierry | last3=Robinson | first3=James A. | title=Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule: A Model of Personal Rule | journal=[[Journal of the European Economic Association]] | publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP) | volume=2 | issue=2–3 | date=2004-05-01 | issn=1542-4766 | doi=10.1162/154247604323067916 | pages=162–192 | ssrn=476093 | s2cid=7846928 | url=https://economics.mit.edu/files/4462 | postscript=. Paper presented as the Marshall Lecture at the [[European Economic Association]]'s annual meetings in Stockholm, August 24, 2003 | access-date=November 15, 2017 | archive-date=May 24, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120524035024/https://economics.mit.edu/files/4462 | url-status=dead | hdl=1721.1/63819 | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1"/>