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'''Durban''' ({{IPAc-en|'|d|ɜːr|b|ə|n}} {{respell|DUR|bən}}; {{lang-zu|eThekwini}}, from {{lang|zu|itheku}} meaning "bay, lagoon"){{efn | Also called {{lang-zu|eZibubulungwini|label=none}} for the mountain range that terminates in the area.}}In an 1859 Zulu grammar book, Bishop Colenso asserted that the root word iTeku means "bay of the sea", from the name Mtheku, used by the Thabethe tribes clan, who were the leaders of the Nguni people. Furthermore the original local inhabitants and noted that the locative form, eTekwini, was used as a proper name for Durban.
An 1895 English-Zulu dictionary translates the base word iteku as "bay", "creek", "gulf" or "sinus", while a 1905 Zulu-English dictionary notes that eTekwini is used for Durban. is the third-most populous city in [[South Africa]], after [[Johannesburg]] and [[Cape Town]], and the largest city in the [[Provinces of South Africa|province]] of [[KwaZulu-Natal]]. Situated on the east coast of South Africa, on the Natal Bay of the [[Indian Ocean]], Durban is [[Port of Durban|South Africa's busiest port]] and was formerly named Port Natal. North of the harbour and city centre lies the mouth of the [[Umgeni River]]; the flat city centre rises to the hills of the [[Berea, Durban|Berea]] on the west; and to the south, running along the coast, is the [[Bluff, KwaZulu-Natal|Bluff]]. Durban is the seat of the larger [[eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality]], which spans an area of {{cvt|2556|km2|sqmi}} and had a population of 4.2{{nbsp}}million in [[2022 South African census|2022]],<ref name="census2022" /> making the metropolitan population one of [[Africa]]'s largest on the Indian Ocean. Within the [[city limits]], Durban's population was 595,061 in [[2011 South African census|2011]].<ref name="census2011" /> The city has a [[humid subtropical climate]], with hot, wet summers and mild, dry winters.<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Roberts | first1=Debra | last2=O'Donoghue | first2=Sean | date=2013 | title=Urban environmental challenges and climate change action in Durban, South Africa | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0956247813500904 | journal=Environment and Urbanization | volume=25 | issue=2 | pages=299–319 | doi=10.1177/0956247813500904 | doi-access=free | access-date=25 March 2024}}</ref> Archaeological evidence from the [[Drakensberg]] mountains suggests that the area had been inhabited by [[hunter-gatherers]] millennia ago. Later, the [[Nguni people]] occupied the region. During [[Christmas]] 1497, [[Vasco da Gama]] saw the coast and named it {{lang|pt|Natal}}, the Portuguese word for Christmas. In 1824, English traders from [[Cape Colony]], led by [[Francis Farewell]] and [[Henry Fynn]], established a trading post at Port Natal, and later that year, [[Shaka]], the Zulu king, granted them land around the Bay. In 1835, the settlement was named after Sir [[Benjamin D'Urban]], then governor of Cape Colony, and became a borough in 1854. From 1860 onwards, indentured labourers from [[British India]] arrived in Durban, as well as later passenger [[Indian South Africans|Indians]]. [[Colony of Natal|Natal colony]], which had grown, became a province of the Union of South Africa in 1910, and Durban was granted city status in 1935.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/durban-timeline-1497-1990 | title=Durban Timeline 1497-1990 | website=South African History Online | access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref>
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