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Colorado Territory: Difference between revisions

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The '''Territory of Colorado''' was an [[organized incorporated territory of the United States]] that existed from February 28, 1861,<ref name=Colorado_Origin_Act/> until August 1, 1876, when it was admitted to the [[United States|Union]] as the [[Colorado|State of Colorado]].<ref name=Colorado_Statehood_Proclamation/>
 
The territory was organized in the wake of the [[Pike's Peak Gold Rush]] of 1858–1862, which brought the first large concentration of white settlement to the region. The organic act creating the [[Slave states and free states|slave-free]] Territory of Colorado<ref name=Colorado_Origin_Act/> was passed by [[United States Congress|Congress]] and signed by President [[James Buchanan]] on February 28, 1861, immediately following the [[Confederate States of America#Secession|secession of eleven southernseven slave states]] that precipitated the [[American Civil War]]. The boundaries of the Colorado Territory were essentially identical with those of the current [[Colorado|State of Colorado]]. The organization of the territory helped solidify [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] control over the mineral-rich area of the [[Rocky Mountains]]. Statehood was regarded as fairly imminent, but territorial ambitions for statehood were thwarted at the end of 1865 by a [[veto]] by President [[Andrew Johnson]]. Statehood for the territory was a recurring issue during the [[Ulysses Grant]] administration, with Grant advocating statehood against a less willing Congress during [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]]. The Colorado Territory ceased to exist when the State of Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876.<ref name=Colorado_Statehood_Proclamation/>
 
East of the [[Continental Divide of the Americas|Continental Divide]], the new territory included the western portion of the [[Kansas Territory]], as well as some of the southwestern [[Nebraska Territory]], and a small parcel of the northeastern [[New Mexico Territory]]. On the western side of the divide, the territory included much of the eastern [[Utah Territory]], all of which was strongly controlled by the [[Ute Tribe|Ute]] and [[Shoshoni]]. The [[Colorado Eastern Plains|Eastern Plains]] were held much more loosely by the intermixed [[Cheyenne]] and [[Arapaho]], as well as by the [[Pawnee people|Pawnee]], [[Comanche]] and [[Kiowa]]. In 1861, ten days before the establishment of the territory, the Arapaho and Cheyenne agreed with the U.S. to give up most their areas of the plains to white settlement but were allowed to live in their larger traditional areas, so long as they could tolerate [[Homestead Act|homesteader]]s near their camps. By the end of the [[American Civil War]] in 1865, the Native American presence had been largely eliminated from the [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]].
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