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The earliest biographical reference to Laozi is found in the 1st‑century BC ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'' by [[Sima Qian]]. Multiple accounts of Laozi's biography are presented, with Sima Qian expressing various levels of doubt in his sources.{{sfnp|Kern|2015|pp=349–350}}
In one account, Sima Qian reports that Laozi was said to be a contemporary of Confucius during the 6th or 5th century{{nbsp}}BC. His personal name was Er or Dan. He was born in the village of Quren ({{lang|zh|曲仁里}}, ''Qūrén lǐ'') in the southern [[state of Chu]],<ref>{{Cite book| author1= Sima Qian | author1-link= Sima Qian| author2= Sima Tan| author2-link= Sima Tan| script-title=zh:史記| title = Records of the Grand Historian| orig-year= 90s BCE| year = 1959 | publisher= Zhonghua Shuju| chapter=[[:zh:s:史記/卷063#老子|Vol. 63: 老子韓非列傳]] | language= zh| ref={{sfnref|Shiji}}
}}</ref> within present-day [[Luyi]] in [[Henan]].{{sfnp|Morgan|2001}} He was said to be the son of the Censor-in-Chief of the [[Zhou dynasty]] and Lady Yishou ({{lang|zh|益壽氏}}), and was a scholar who worked as the Keeper of the Archives for the royal Zhou court. This reportedly allowed him broad access to the works of the [[Yellow Emperor]] and other classics of the time, and wrote a book in two parts before departing to the west.
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