Anushilan Samiti: Difference between revisions

The organisation moved away from its philosophy of violence in the 1920s due to the influence of the [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Indian independence movement|Gandhian non-violent movement]]. A section of the group, notably those associated with [[Sachindranath Sanyal]], remained active in the revolutionary movement, founding the [[Hindustan Republican Association]] in north India. A number of Congress leaders from Bengal, especially [[Subhash Chandra Bose]], were accused by the British Government of having links with the organisation during this time.

 

 

Shortly after its inception, the organisation became the focus of an extensive police and intelligence operation which led to the founding of the [[Special Branch|Special branch]] of the [[Calcutta Police]]. Notable officers who led the police and intelligence operations against the ''Samiti'' at various times included [[Sir Robert Nathan]], [[Sir Harold Stuart]], [[Sir Charles Stevenson-Moore]] and [[Sir Charles Tegart]]. The threat posed by the activities of the ''Samiti'' in Bengal during [[World War I]], along with the threat of a [[Ghadar mutiny|Ghadarite uprising in Punjab]], led to the passage of [[Defence of India Act 1915]]. These measures enabled the arrest, internment, transportation and execution of a number of revolutionaries linked to the organisation, which crushed the East Bengal Branch. In the aftermath of the war, the [[Rowlatt committee]] recommended extending the Defence of India Act (as the [[Rowlatt Act]]) to thwart any possible revival of the ''Samiti'' in Bengal and the Ghadarite movement in Punjab. After the war, the activities of the party led to the implementation of the [[Bengal Criminal Law Amendment]] in the early 1920s, which reinstated the powers of incarceration and detention from the Defence of India Act. However, the ''Anushilan Samiti'' gradually disseminated into the Gandhian movement. Some of its members left for the Indian National Congress then led by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], while others identified more closely with [[Communism]]. The ''Jugantar'' branch formally dissolved in 1938.