Thomas Aquinas: Difference between revisions

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Though one may deduce the existence of God and his Attributes (Unity, Truth, Goodness, Power, Knowledge) through reason, certain specifics may be known only through the special revelation of God through [[Jesus Christ]]. The major theological components of Christianity, such as the [[Trinity]], the [[Incarnation]], and charity are revealed in the teachings of the church and the [[scripture]]s and may not otherwise be deduced.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hankey |first=Wayne |title=The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion |publisher=Routledge |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-78295-1 |edition=Second |location=CSU East Bay |pages=134–135}}</ref> However, Thomas also makes a distinction between "demonstrations" of sacred doctrines and the "persuasiveness" of those doctrines.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |date= |title=Aquinas' Philosophical Theology &#124; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=https://iep.utm.edu/thomas-aquinas-political-theology/#SH3c |accessdate=7 August 2022 |publisher=Iep.utm.edu}}</ref> The former is akin to something like "certainty", whereas the latter is more probabilistic in nature.<ref name="autogenerated1" />
 
In other words, Thomas thought Christian doctrines were "fitting" to reason (i.e. reasonable), even though they cannot be demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In fact, the ''Summa Theologica'' is filled with examples of Thomas arguing that we would expect certain Christian doctrines to be true, even though these expectations aren'tare not demonstrative (i.e. 'fitting' or reasonable).<ref name="Iep.utm.edu">{{cite web |date= |title=Aquinas' Philosophical Theology &#124; Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=https://iep.utm.edu/thomas-aquinas-political-theology/#H4 |accessdate=7 August 2022 |publisher=Iep.utm.edu}}</ref> For example, Thomas argues that we would expect God to become incarnate, and we would expect a resurrected Christ to ''not'' stay on Earth.<ref name="Iep.utm.edu" /><ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Summa Theologiae: The ascension of Christ (Tertia Pars, Q. 57) |url=https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4057.htm#article1 |accessdate=7 August 2022 |publisher=Newadvent.org}}</ref>
 
====Reconciling faith and reason====