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====Gaming addiction, gaming disorder, and other health-related concerns====
{{Main|Video game addiction}}
Video game addiction is the excessive or [[compulsive behavior|compulsive]] use of computer and video games that interferes with daily life. Instances have been reported in which users play compulsively, isolating themselves from family and friends or from other forms of [[Interpersonal relationship|social contact]], and focus almost entirely on in-game achievements rather than broader life events.<ref>[http://parents.berkeley.edu/advice/teens/gameaddiction.html "Computer game addiction"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415050552/http://parents.berkeley.edu/advice/teens/gameaddiction.html |date=2012-04-15 }} Berkeley Parents Network. Accessed 25 June 2007.</ref><ref>Hauge M. and Gentile D. [http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/dgentile/SRCD%20Video%20Game%20Addiction.pdf "Video game addiction among adolescents: associations with academic performance and aggression"]. Paper presented at a Society for Research in Child Development Conference, Tampa Florida. April 2003. Accessed 25 June 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407085048/http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/dgentile/SRCD%20Video%20Game%20Addiction.pdf |date=7 April 2009 }}</ref> The first video game to attract political controversy for its "addictive properties" was the 1978 [[arcade game]] ''[[Space Invaders]]''.<ref>[http://www.computerandvideogames.com/207943/features/30-great-gaming-world-records/ "30 great gaming world records"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219055853/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/207943/features/30-great-gaming-world-records/ |date=2012-02-19 }} ''[[Computer and Video Games]]'' website 14 February 2009. Accessed 26 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110319091829/http://screen.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/2/52.extract "Electronic and computer games: the history of an interactive medium"]. [[Screen (journal)|''Screen'']] 1988 29(2) pp. 52–73. doi10.1093/screen/29.2.52 Accessed 2012. "In the UK, the Labour MP George Foulkes led a campaign in 1981 to curb the 'menace' of video games, maintaining that they had addictive properties. His 'Control of Space Invaders (and other Electronic Games) Bill' was put to the Commons and only narrowly defeated.</ref> One study from [[Chung Ang University]] observed that other structures affected by the excessive use of video games include the [[anterior cingulate cortex]] and [[orbitofrontal cortex]].<ref name="second">{{cite journal|last1=Han|first1=D. H.|last2=Kim |first2=Y. S. |last3=Lee |first3=Y. S. |last4=Min |first4=K. J. |last5=Renshaw |first5=P. F.|title=Changes in cue-induced, prefrontal cortex activity with video-game play |journal=Behaviour & Social Networking|year=2010|volume=13|issue=6|pages=655–661|doi=10.1089/cyber.2009.0327|pmid=21142990}}</ref> The results from this experiment suggest an increase in stimulation of these areas, resembling a pattern similar to those with [[substance dependence]]. Researchers interpreted their results of this increase in activity of the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortices to be an indication of an early stage of [[video game addiction]].<ref name="second" />
The [[World Health Organization]] has included "gaming disorder" in the 11th edition of the [[International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems]], which was approved by May 2019.<ref>{{cite web |first1=Michelle |last1=Meyers |access-date=2019-05-27 |title=World Health Organization deems 'gaming disorder' an official illness |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/world-health-organization-deems-gaming-disorder-an-official-illness/ |website=CNET |archive-date=2019-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527091159/https://www.cnet.com/news/world-health-organization-deems-gaming-disorder-an-official-illness/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=2019-05-27 |title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%253A%252F%252Fid.who.int%252Ficd%252Fentity%252F1448597234 |website=icd.who.int |archive-date=2018-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131135459/https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%253A%252F%252Fid.who.int%252Ficd%252Fentity%252F1448597234 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-06-01-academics-create-the-first-psychological-test-for-gaming-disorder |title=Academics create the first psychological test for gaming disorder |first=Wesley |last=Yin-Poole |date=1 June 2019 |access-date=1 June 2019 |work=[[Eurogamer]] |archive-date=1 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601183129/https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2019-06-01-academics-create-the-first-psychological-test-for-gaming-disorder |url-status=live }}</ref> It was defined as "a pattern of persistent or recurrent gaming behaviour ('digital gaming' or 'video-gaming')", defined by three criteria: the lack of control of playing video games, priority given to video games over other interests, and inability to stop playing video games even after being affected by negative consequences.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/27/the-who-may-add-video-games-to-its-list-of-recognized-addictions/ |title=The WHO may add video games to its list of recognized addictions |first=Swapna |last=Krishna |date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[Engadget]] |archive-date=28 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228003102/https://www.engadget.com/2017/12/27/the-who-may-add-video-games-to-its-list-of-recognized-addictions/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The addition was contested by the video game industry and several academics, believing that its inclusion was too early and that more studies were needed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-03-01-new-scientific-report-questions-world-heath-organisations-proposed-gaming-disorder-classification |title=New report questions World Health Organization's proposed 'gaming disorder' classification |first=Christopher |last=Dring |date=1 March 2018 |access-date=5 March 2018 |work=[[GamesIndustry.biz]] |archive-date=6 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306023224/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2018-03-01-new-scientific-report-questions-world-heath-organisations-proposed-gaming-disorder-classification |url-status=live }}</ref>
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