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In 2016, Indigenous children ages zero to four accounted for 7.7% of those aged zero to four in Canada, and made up 51.2% of children in this age group living in [[foster care]].<ref>{{cite web | title = First Nations People, Métis and Inuit in Canada: Diverse and Growing Populations | publisher = Statistics Canada |via=statcan.gc.ca | date = March 20, 2018 | url = https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/89-659-x/89-659-x2018001-eng.htm}}</ref>
In the 20th century, the Aboriginal population of Canada increased tenfold.<ref name="statcan_aboriginal_demographics">{{cite web| title = Aboriginal peoples of Canada: A demographic profile| publisher = Statistics Canada| via = statcan.gc.ca| year = 2001| url = http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/abor/canada.cfm| access-date = October 2, 2009| archive-date = May 17, 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080517064517/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/abor/canada.cfm/}}</ref> Between 1900 and 1950 the population grew by 29%. After the 1960s the [[infant mortality]] level on reserves dropped dramatically and the population grew by 161%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vancouverprofile.com/aboutvancouver/content.php/id/2221|title=Aboriginals First Nations |website=vancouverprofile.com |access-date=October 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616164320/http://www.vancouverprofile.com/aboutvancouver/content.php/id/2221|archive-date=June 16, 2010}}</ref><ref name=babies/> Since the 1980s, the number of First Nations babies more than doubled and currently almost half of the First Nations population is under the age of 25.<ref name="statcan_aboriginal_demographics" /><ref name=babies>{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Analytic/companion/abor/canada.cfm |title=Aboriginal peoples of Canada |publisher=Statistics Canada |via=statcan.gc.ca |access-date=October 5, 2009 |archive-date=May 17, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517064517/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/abor/canada.cfm/ }}</ref>
Indigenous people assert that their [[Sovereignty|sovereign rights]] are valid, and point to the [[Royal Proclamation of 1763]], which is mentioned in the Canadian ''Constitution Act, 1982'', Section 25, the ''[[British North America Acts]]'' and the [[Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties|1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties]] (to which Canada is a signatory) in support of this claim.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohlj.ca/archive/articles/34_1_mcneil.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706191452/http://www.ohlj.ca/archive/articles/34_1_mcneil.pdf |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |first=Kent |last=McNeil |title=Aboriginal Governments and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms |publisher =Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples |page=73 |year=1996| access-date =October 6, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/rp_1763.html |title=The Royal Proclamation |work= By The King George R. A Proclamation | access-date =October 6, 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091013182626/http://www.solon.org/Constitutions/Canada/English/PreConfederation/rp_1763.html| archive-date=October 13, 2009| url-status=live}}</ref>
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