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'''F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG''', commonly known as '''Roche''', is a [[Switzerland|Swiss]] [[multinational corporation|multinational]] holding healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its [[holding company]], '''Roche Holding AG''', has [[Share (finance)|shares]] listed on the [[SIX Swiss Exchange]]. The company headquarters are located in [[Basel]].
Roche is the fifth-largest pharmaceutical company in the world by revenue<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/2022/08/15/global-500-biggest-pharma-companies/|title=The world's 10 biggest pharmaceutical companies raked in over $700 billion in revenue in 2021|website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date=15 August 2022 |last=McGlauflin |first=Paige |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220817173918/https://fortune.com/2022/08/15/global-500-biggest-pharma-companies/ |archive-date=17 August 2022 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> and the leading provider of [[cancer]] treatments globally.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.marketresearchreports.com/blog/2019/05/17/top-10-oncology-pharma-companies-world|title=Top 10 Oncology Pharma Companies in the World | Market Research Blog|date=17 May 2019|website=Market Research Reports® Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmlive.com/top_pharma_list/oncology_revenues|title=Top 20 pharma companies by oncology sales - Top Pharma List - PMLiVE|date=16 June 2014|website=pmlive.com}}</ref> In 2023, the company’s seat in [[Forbes Global 2000]] was 76.<ref>{{Cite web|
The company owns the American [[biotechnology]] company [[Genentech]], which is a wholly owned independent subsidiary, and the Japanese biotechnology company [[Chugai Pharmaceutical Co.|Chugai Pharmaceuticals]], as well as the United States-based companies [[Ventana Medical Systems|Ventana]] and [[Foundation Medicine]]. Roche's revenues during fiscal year 2020, were 58.32 billion [[Swiss franc]]s. Descendants of the founding Hoffmann and Oeri families own slightly over half of the bearer shares with voting rights (a pool of family shareholders 45%, and Maja Oeri a further 5% apart), with Swiss pharma firm [[Novartis]] owning a further third of its shares until 2021. Roche is one of the few companies increasing their dividend every year, for 2020 as the 34th consecutive year.
F. Hoffmann-La Roche is a full member of the [[European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations]] (EFPIA).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.efpia.eu/content/default.asp?PageID=559&DocID=4883 |title=The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures – 2008 Edition |publisher=European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) |page=49 |access-date=2008-08-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916100937/http://www.efpia.eu/content/default.asp?PageID=559&DocID=4883 |archive-date=16 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>{{coord|47.558624|7.606018|display=title}}
==History==
Founded in 1896 by [[Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche]], the company was known early on for producing various vitamin preparations and derivatives.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Switzerland's Biggest Family Fortune Has Prospered for 124 Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-08-06/switzerland-s-biggest-family-fortune-has-prospered-for-124-years |access-date=2022-03-16 |newspaper=Bloomberg.com|date = 6 August 2020}}</ref> In 1934, it became the first company to mass-produce synthetic [[vitamin C]], under the brand name [[Redoxon]]. During the Second World War, Roche collaborated with the Nazi regime in Germany and used forced labour in its German and Polish-based factories.<ref name="swissinfo.ch">{{Cite web|url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/chemical-firms-exploited-nazi-links--probe-found/2218350|title = Chemical firms exploited Nazi links, probe found| date=30 August 2001 }}</ref> They also moved all their Jewish employees to the United States to save them from Nazi attention.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-oct-01-me-sternbach1-story.html Leo Sternbach, 97; Invented Valium, Many Other Drugs by THOMAS H. MAUGH II OCT. 1, 2005 L.A. Times]</ref>
In 1957, Hoffmann-La Roche introduced the class of [[tranquilizer]]s known as [[benzodiazepine]]s (with [[Diazepam|Valium]] and [[Flunitrazepam|Rohypnol]] being the best known members).<ref>{{Cite web |last=HannahBlake |date=2012-11-01 |title=A history of Roche |url=https://pharmaphorum.com/articles/a_history_of-_roche/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=pharmaphorum.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> It manufactures and sells several cancer drugs and is a leader in this field. In 1956, the first antidepressant, [[iproniazid]], was accidentally created during an experiment while synthesizing [[isoniazid]]. Originally, it had been intended to create a more efficient drug at combatting [[Tuberculosis]]. Iproniazid, however, was revealed to have its own benefits; some people felt it made them feel happier. It was withdrawn from the market in the early 1960s due to toxic side-effects.
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In 1976, an [[Seveso disaster|accident at a chemical factory]] in [[Seveso]], Italy, owned by a subsidiary of Roche, caused a large [[Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins|dioxin]] contamination. In 1982, the United States arm of the company acquired Biomedical Reference Laboratories for US$163.5 million. That company dated from the late 1960s, and was located in [[Burlington, North Carolina]]. That year Hoffmann-La Roche then merged it with all of its laboratories, and incorporated the merged company as Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. in Burlington. By the early 1990s, Roche Biomedical became one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the United States, with 20 major laboratories and US$600 million in sales.<ref name="fundingroche">{{cite web|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Roche-Biomedical-Laboratories-Inc-Company-History.html|title=Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc|publisher= FundingUniverse.com}}</ref>
Roche has also produced various [[HIV test]]s and [[antiretroviral drug]]s. It bought the patents for the [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) technique in 1992. In 1995, the era of [[Management of HIV/AIDS|highly active anti-retroviral therapy]] (HAART) was initiated by the United States FDA's approval of Hoffman LaRoche's HIV protease inhibitor, saquinavir. Within 2 years of its approval (and that of ritonavir 4 months later) annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000.
[[Oseltamivir]] an antiviral drug used to combat influenza. Roche is the only drug company authorized to manufacture the drug, which was discovered by [[Gilead Sciences]]. Roche purchased the rights to the drug in 1996, and in 2005, settled a royalty dispute, agreeing to pay Gilead tiered royalties of 14–22% of annual net sales without adjusting the payments for manufacturing costs, as had been allowed in the original licensing agreement.<ref name="royalty">{{cite news|url=http://www.redherring.com/Article.aspx?a=14507&hed=Roche%2C+Gilead+End+Tamiflu+Feud
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In July 2023, Roche partnered with [[Alnylam Pharmaceuticals]] in a deal worth $2.8 billion for the development of a hypertension drug.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-07-24 |title=Roche Signs $2.8 Billion Alnylam Deal for Hypertension Drug |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-07-24/roche-signs-2-8-billion-alnylam-deal-for-hypertension-drug |access-date=2023-07-25}}</ref> In December 2023, Roche acquired Carmot Therapeutics, an anti-obesity drug developer, for $2.7 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-12-04 |title=Roche enters obesity market with Carmot takeover but drugs may not be available until 2030 |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/04/roche-enters-obesity-market-with-carmot-takeover.html |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>
In October 2023, Monte Rosa Therapeutics and Roche signed a strategic cooperation and licensing agreement for the discovery and development of molecular adhesive degradators (MGD) to combat [[cancer]] and neurological diseases. The partnership includes Monte Rosa’s QuEENT discovery engine and Roche Holding expertise. Also Monte Rosa will receive $50m as an upfront payment and additional payments that will depend on the pre-clinical, clinical, commercial stages and sales, as well as multi-level royalty system and may exceed $2 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|
In March 2024, it was announced Roche had sold Genentech's site in [[Vacaville, California]] to the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] pharmaceutical company, [[Lonza Group|Lonza]] for $1.2 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-20 |title=Lonza to acquire biologics site in Vacaville, US from Roche for $1.2bn - Pharmafile |url=https://pharmafile.com/news/lonza-to-acquire-biologics-site-in-vacaville-us-from-roche-for-1-2bn/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=pharmafile.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>
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==Controversies==
During the Second World War, Roche was reported to have collaborated with the Nazi regime in Germany and used forced labour in its German and Polish-based factories.<ref
In 2013, Roche had to pay back {{CHF|3.2|link=yes}}{{nbsp}}billion to the [[Federal Tax Administration|Swiss tax authorities]] due to transfer mispricing.
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