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→Iran: unclear wording, needs better refs (in English please). Also, I don't think we should have a section for an individual country in this high level article; should explain by region. |
Further explanation of the caption of the figure. |
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{{distinguish|NLRB election procedures#Decertification elections{{!}}Decertification|Desertion}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
[[File:Global distribution of dryland subtypes based on the aridity index.png|upright=1.4|thumb|Global distribution of dryland subtypes based on the [[aridity index]] computed over a 30-year average during 1981 to 2010. Typical deserts are indicated by the hyper-arid category (
'''Desertification''' is a type of gradual [[land degradation]] of [[Soil fertility|fertile]] land into arid [[desert]] due to a combination of natural processes and human activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Desertification - an overview {{!}} ScienceDirect Topics |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/desertification |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=www.sciencedirect.com |archive-date=2022-04-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403121044/https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/desertification |url-status=live }}</ref> This spread of arid areas is caused by a variety of factors, such as [[overexploitation]] of [[soil]] as a result of human activity and the [[effects of climate change]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sustainable development of drylands and combating desertification |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0265e/v0265e01.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804222104/http://www.fao.org/docrep/v0265e/v0265e01.htm |archive-date=4 August 2017 |access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Zeng L17401">{{Cite journal |last1=Zeng |first1=Ning |last2=Yoon |first2=Jinho |date=1 September 2009 |title=Expansion of the world's deserts due to vegetation-albedo feedback under global warming |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=36 |issue=17 |page=L17401 |bibcode=2009GeoRL..3617401Z |doi=10.1029/2009GL039699 |issn=1944-8007 |s2cid=1708267 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Geographic areas most affected are located in Africa ([[Sahel]] region), Asia ([[Gobi Desert]] and [[Mongolia]]) and parts of [[South America]]. [[Drylands]] occupy approximately 40–41% of Earth's land area and are home to more than 2 billion people.<ref name=":5">[https://unemg.org/2018/images/emgdocs/publications/Global_Drylands_Full_Report.pdf Global Drylands Report] unemg.org 2018</ref> Effects of desertification include [[Sand storm|sand and dust storms]], [[Food security|food insecurity]], and [[poverty]].
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