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[[File:Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky at Felix Dzerzhinsky funeral.jpg|left|thumb|[[Mikhail Kalinin|Kalinin]] and [[Stalin]] bearing the coffin of [[Felix Dzerzhinsky]] on 22 July 1926. Trotsky can be seen over Kalinin's left shoulder.|alt=]]
Some Western historians have regarded Trotsky as a forerunner to Stalinism and centred this notion on his record during the period of [[war communism]] which included practices such as the [[labor army|militarization of labour]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Daniels |first1=Robert V. |title=The Rise and Fall of Communism in Russia |date=1 October 2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |page=194-195|isbn=978-0-300-13493-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27JGzAoMLjoC |language=en}}</ref> Criticism has also been levied at his support for [[concentration camps]] to detain [[war prisoners]] and the [[Red Terror]].<ref name="auto2">V. I͡U. Cherni͡aev, "Trotsky" in {{cite book|editor1-first=Edward |editor1-last=Acton |editor2-first=Vladimir I͡u. |editor2-last=Cherni͡aev |editor3-first=William G. |editor3-last=Rosenberg|title=Critical Companion to the Russian Revolution, 1914–1921|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAZm2EdxKqkC&pg=PA191|year=1997|publisher=Indiana University Press|page=191|isbn=978-0-253-33333-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Wiles |first1=Peter |title=The Soviet Economy on the Brink of Reform: Essays in Honor of Alec Nove |date=14 June 2023 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-000-88190-5 |pages=25-40 |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Soviet_Economy_on_the_Brink_of_Refor/mHAIEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=trotsky+concentration+camp+stalinism&pg=PA25&printsec=frontcover |language=en}}</ref> Other historians such as [[Robert Service (historian)|Robert Service]], [[Dmitri Volkogonov]] and N.A. Vasetskii contend that Trotsky shared the same [[totalitarian]] strand of thought as Stalin and would not have represented a radically different USSR.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Thatcher |first1=Ian D. |title=Trotsky |date=27 June 2005 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-57214-4 |pages=1–30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cU3yFMLm1voC&q=volkogonov&pg=PT91 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Service |first1=Robert |title=Trotsky: A Biography |date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Pan Macmillan |isbn=978-0-330-52268-7 |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bkCXBCWHu1gC&q=trotsky+a+biography |language=en}}</ref> Concerning the ideological differences between the varieties of [[Marxist philosophy]] that are Stalinism and Trotskyism, novelist [[George Orwell]] said:
{{blockquote|The fact that Trotskyists are everywhere a persecuted minority, and that the accusation usually made against them, i.e. of collaborating with the [[Fascist]]s, is obviously false, creates an impression that Trotskyism is intellectually and morally superior to Communism; but it is doubtful whether there is much difference.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Orwell|first=George|author-link=George Orwell|date=May 1945|title=Notes on Nationalism|url=http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/nationalism/english/e_nat|journal=[[Polemic (magazine)|Polemic]]|access-date=22 December 2006|archive-date=20 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120035738/http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/nationalism/english/e_nat|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
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Trotskyist theoreticians have disputed the view that the Stalinist dictatorship was a natural outgrowth of the Bolsheviks' actions as most of the original, central committee members from 1917 were later eliminated by Stalin.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grant |first1=Alex |title=Top 10 lies about the Bolshevik Revolution |url=https://www.marxist.com/top-10-lies-about-the-bolshevik-revolution-part-one.htm |website=In Defence of Marxism |language=en-gb |date=1 November 2017}}</ref> [[George Novack]] stressed the initial efforts by the Bolsheviks to form a [[multi-party]] government with the [[Left Socialist Revolutionaries]] and bring other parties such as the [[Mensheviks]] into political [[legality]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Novack |first1=George |title=Democracy and Revolution |date=1971 |publisher=Pathfinder |isbn=978-0-87348-192-2 |pages=307–347 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLMgAQAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref> Upon the Menshevik
walkout from the Soviet congress, Trotsky himself had released several, socialist ministers of the [[Russian Provisional Government|Provisional government]] from prison, at the request of [[Julius Martov]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Deutscher |first1=Isaac |title=The Prophet Armed Trotsky 1879-1921 (1954) |date=1954 |publisher=Oxford University Press. |pages=330–336 |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.507702/page/335/mode/1up?view=theater}}</ref> [[Tony Cliff]] argued the Bolshevik-Left Socialist Revolutionary coalition government dissolved the Constituent Assembly due to a number of reasons. They cited the outdated voter-rolls which did not acknowledge the split among the [[Socialist Revolutionary]] party and the assemblies conflict with the [[All-Russian Congress of Soviets|Congress of the Soviets]] as an alternative democratic structure.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cliff |first1=Tony |title=Revolution Besieged. The Dissolution of the Constituent Assembly) |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/cliff/works/1978/lenin3/ch03.html |website=www.marxists.org}}</ref>
== Criticism ==
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