Giuseppe Zangara: Difference between revisions

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On February 15, 1933, Roosevelt was giving an impromptu speech at night from the back of an open car in the [[Bayfront Park]] area of Miami, Florida, where Zangara was working the occasional odd job and living off his savings. Zangara, armed with a [[.32 S&W|.32-caliber]] [[Iver Johnson|US Revolver Company]]<ref name="Abbott2007">{{cite book|first=Geoffrey|last=Abbott|title=What a Way to Go: The Guillotine, the Pendulum, the Thousand Cuts, the Spanish Donkey, and 66 Other Ways of Putting Someone to Death|url=https://archive.org/details/whatwaytogo00geof|url-access=registration|date=April 17, 2007|publisher=[[St. Martin's Press]]|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-312-36656-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/whatwaytogo00geof/page/99 99]–}}</ref> revolver he had bought for $8 ({{Inflation|US|8|1933|r=-1|fmt=eq}}) at a local pawn shop, joined the crowd of spectators, but as he was only {{convert|5|ft|m}} tall, he was unable to see over other people and had to stand on a wobbly metal folding chair, peering over the hat of Lillian Cross to get a clear aim at his target from 25 feet away.{{sfn|McCann|2006|p=70}} He placed his gun over Mrs. Cross' right shoulder (She was only about 4 inches taller than he was and weighed 105 pounds).{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
 
After Zangara fired the first shot, Cross and others grabbed his arm, and he fired four more shots wildly. Five people were hit:<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1933-02-17/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=1789&index=1&rows=20&words=Giuseppe+Zangara&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=Giuseppe+Zangara&y=11&x=11&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Evening star. &#91;volume&#93;, February 17, 1933, Page A-5, Image 5]</ref> Mrs. Joseph H. Gill (seriously wounded in the abdomen);<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1933-03-24/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1933&index=12&date2=1933&words=Gill+Joe+Mrs&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&rows=20&proxtext=Mrs.+Joe+Gill&y=13&x=18&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Evening star. &#91;volume&#93;, March 24, 1933, Page A-4, Image 4 she was released from hospital March 23, 1933]</ref> Miss Margaret Kruis of [[Newark, New Jersey]], (minor wound in hand and a scalp wound);<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042243/1933-02-16/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1777&index=0&rows=20&words=hand+Kruis+Margaret&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1963&proxtext=MArgaret+Kruis++hand&y=16&x=16&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 The Bismarck tribune. &#91;volume&#93;, February 16, 1933, Image 1]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldmagazinearticles.com/FDR_Assassination_Attempt-pdf|first=Bob|last=Crossland|title=Fifteen Seconds of Terror|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 17, 1933|via=oldmagazinearticles.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,745664-2,00.html|title=The Presidency: The Roosevelt Week: Jun. 12, 1933|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=June 12, 1933|page=2}}</ref> New York detective/bodyguard [[William Sinnott]] (superficial head wound); Russell Caldwell of Miami (flesh wound on the forehead);<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063811/1933-03-01/ed-1/seq-4/#date1=1933&index=6&rows=20&words=Caldwell+Russell&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1934&proxtext=russell+Caldwell&y=7&x=21&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 ''The Times-News'', March 1, 1933, Page 4, Image 4 he was released from hospital February 28, 1933]</ref> and Chicago Mayor [[Anton Cermak]], who was standing on the running board of the car next to Roosevelt. Mrs. Cross had powder burns on her right cheek.<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92070146/1933-02-16/ed-1/seq-1/#date1=1933&index=0&date2=1933&words=Kruis+Margaret+Wound+wound+wounded&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&rows=20&proxtext=MArgaret+Kruis+wounded&y=10&x=11&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1 Imperial Valley press., February 16, 1933, Image 1]</ref> A Secret Service agent Bob Clark had a grazed hand, possibly caused by the bullet that struck Cermak.<ref>[https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1933-02-17/ed-1/seq-5/#date1=02%2F16%2F1933&index=7&date2=02%2F18%2F1933&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Bob+Clark&proxdistance=5&state=&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=Bob+Clark&phrasetext=&andtext=&dateFilterType=range&page=1 Evening star. &#91;volume&#93;, February 17, 1933, Page A-5, Image 5]</ref> The intended target, Roosevelt, was unharmed.{{Citation needed|date=February 2023}}
 
Roosevelt cradled the mortally wounded Cermak in his arms as the car rushed to the hospital; after arriving there, Cermak spoke to Roosevelt, and before he died 19 days later, allegedly uttered the line that is engraved on his tomb: "I'm glad it was me, not you." The ''Tribune'' reported the quote without attributing it to a witness, and most scholars doubt it was ever said.<ref>{{cite news|last=Benzkofer |first=Stephen|date=February 10, 2013|title= 'Tell Chicago I'll pull through': In 1933, a bullet meant for FDR hit Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak instead|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-02-10/news/ct-per-flash-cermak-shot-0210-20130210_1_band-shell-chicago-mayor-anton-cermak-bullet|newspaper=[[Chicago Tribune]]|access-date=December 22, 2016}}</ref>