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In 1866, [[Salmon P. Chase]] assumed the title of ''Chief Justice of the United States,'' and Congress began using the new title in subsequent legislation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rxJlDwAAQBAJ&q=%22chief%20justice%20of%20the%20united%22&pg=PT406|title=The Chief: The Life and Turbulent Times of Chief Justice John Roberts|author-link=Joan Biskupic|last=Biskupic|first=Joan|date=March 26, 2019|publisher=Basic Books|isbn=9780465093281|language=en|access-date=October 15, 2020|archive-date=February 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204014705/https://books.google.com/books?id=rxJlDwAAQBAJ&q=%22chief%20justice%20of%20the%20united%22&pg=PT406|url-status=live}}</ref> The first person whose Supreme Court commission contained the modified title was [[Melville Fuller]] in 1888.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fjc.gov/history/administration/administrative-agencies-office-chief-justice-1789-present|title=Administrative Agencies: Office of the Chief Justice, 1789–present|publisher=Federal Judicial Center|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=April 10, 2017|archive-date=December 31, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103711/https://www.fjc.gov/history/administration/administrative-agencies-office-chief-justice-1789-present|url-status=live}}</ref> The associate justice title was not altered in 1866 and remains as originally created.
The chief justice, like all [[United States federal judge|federal judges]], is [[Nomination and confirmation to the Supreme Court of the United States|nominated by the president and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate]]. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they "shall hold their Offices during good Behavior." This language has been interpreted
The salary of the chief justice is set by Congress; as of 2024, the annual salary is $312,200, which is slightly higher than that of associate justices, which is $298,500.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Judicial Compensation|url=https://www.uscourts.gov/judges-judgeships/judicial-compensation|access-date=2022-01-18|website=United States Courts|language=en}}</ref> The practice of appointing an individual to serve as Chief Justice is grounded in tradition; while the Constitution mandates that there be a chief justice, it is silent on the subject of how one is chosen and by whom. There is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the chief justice from among those justices properly appointed and confirmed to the Supreme Court.
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