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Added statement about Survivor's guilt as it associates with depressive symptoms. Added a link to Survivor Guilt article. |
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Studies have consistently shown that physicians have had the highest depression and suicide rates compared to people in many other lines of work—for suicide, 40% higher for male physicians and 130% higher for female physicians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rotenstein |first1=Lisa S. |last2=Ramos |first2=Marco A. |last3=Torre |first3=Matthew |last4=Segal |first4=J. Bradley |last5=Peluso |first5=Michael J. |last6=Guille |first6=Constance |last7=Sen |first7=Srijan |last8=Mata |first8=Douglas A. |date=6 December 2016 |title=Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |journal=JAMA |volume=316 |issue=21 |pages=2214–2236 |doi=10.1001/jama.2016.17324 |pmc=5613659 |pmid=27923088}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mata |first1=Douglas A. |last2=Ramos |first2=Marco A. |last3=Bansal |first3=Narinder |last4=Khan |first4=Rida |last5=Guille |first5=Constance |last6=Di Angelantonio |first6=Emanuele |last7=Sen |first7=Srijan |date=8 December 2015 |title=Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians |journal=JAMA |volume=314 |issue=22 |pages=2373–83 |doi=10.1001/jama.2015.15845 |pmc=4866499 |pmid=26647259}}</ref><ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Pauline W. |date=7 October 2010 |title=Medical Student Distress and the Risk of Doctor Suicide |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/07/health/views/07chen.html |access-date=9 February 2015}}</ref>
Life events and changes that may cause depressed mood include (but are not limited to): childbirth, menopause, financial difficulties, unemployment, stress (such as from work, education, military service, family, living conditions, marriage, etc.), a medical diagnosis (cancer, HIV, diabetes, etc.), bullying, loss of a loved one, natural disasters, social isolation, rape, relationship troubles, jealousy, separation, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, or [[catastrophic injury]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schmidt PJ | title = Mood, depression, and reproductive hormones in the menopausal transition | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 118 | issue = 12B | pages = 54–8 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16414327 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.09.033 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rashid |first1=Tariq |last2=Haider |first2=Ijaz |title=Life Events and Depression |journal=Annals of Punjab Medical College |date=31 January 2008 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=11–16 |doi=10.29054/apmc/2008.621 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024 |url=https://apmcfmu.com/index.php/apmc/article/view/621 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mata DA, Ramos MA, Bansal N, Khan R, Guille C, Di Angelantonio E, Sen S | title = Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | journal = JAMA | volume = 314 | issue = 22 | pages = 2373–83 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26647259 | pmc = 4866499 | doi = 10.1001/jama.2015.15845 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=NIMH » Perinatal Depression|url=https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression/index.shtml|access-date=29 October 2020|website=www.nimh.nih.gov|archive-date=27 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327041425/https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/perinatal-depression/index.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Postpartum Depression|url=https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html|access-date=29 October 2020|website=medlineplus.gov|archive-date=27 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727211033/https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumdepression.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Similar depressive symptoms are associated with [[Survivor guilt|survivor's guilt]]. Adolescents may be especially prone to experiencing a depressed mood following [[social rejection]], peer pressure, or bullying.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Davey CG, Yücel M, Allen NB | title = The emergence of depression in adolescence: development of the prefrontal cortex and the representation of reward | journal = Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews | volume = 32 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–19 | year = 2008 | pmid = 17570526 | doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.04.016 | s2cid = 20800688 }}</ref>
==== Childhood and adolescence ====
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