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Monk's House also lacked running water, but came with an acre of garden, and had a view across the Ouse towards the hills of the [[South Downs]]. Leonard Woolf describes this view as being unchanged since the days of [[Chaucer]].{{sfn|Eagle|Carnell|1981|p=228}} From 1940, it became their permanent home after their London home was bombed. Vanessa had made Charleston her permanent home in 1936.{{sfn|Bell|1972|loc=Vol. II: 1915–1918}}{{page needed|date=June 2024}} It was at Monk's House that Virginia completed ''[[Between the Acts]]'' in early 1941, which was followed by her final breakdown and suicide in the nearby River Ouse on 28 March.{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=13}}
=== Marriage and war (
[[File:Virginia and Leonard Woolf, 1912 (borderless crop).jpg|thumb|upright|
[[Leonard Woolf]] was one of Thoby Stephen's friends at Trinity College, Cambridge, and
Leonard proposed to Virginia on 11 January 1912.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=300-301}} Initially she expressed reluctance, but the two continued courting. Leonard decided not to return to Ceylon and resigned his post. On 29 May Virginia declared her love for Leonard,{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=301-304}} and they married on 10 August at [[Camden Town Hall|St Pancras Town Hall]]. The couple spent their honeymoon first at Asham and the [[Quantock Hills]] before travelling to the south of France and on to Spain and Italy. On their return they moved to [[Clifford's Inn]],{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=317-318}} and began to divide their time between London and Asham.{{sfn|Harris|2011|p=49}}
Virginia Woolf had completed a penultimate draft of her first novel ''[[The Voyage Out]]'' before her wedding, but undertook large-scale alterations to the manuscript between December 1912 and March 1913. The work was subsequently accepted by her half-brother Gerald Duckworth's publishing house, and she found the process of reading and correcting the proofs extremely emotionally difficult.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=321-322}} This led to one of several breakdowns over the subsequent two years; Woolf attempted suicide on 9 September 1913 with an overdose of [[Veronal]], being saved with the help of Maynard Keynes' surgeon brother [[Geoffrey Keynes]] who drove Leonard to [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] to fetch a stomach pump.{{sfn|Harris|2011|pp=52,54}} Woolf's illness led to Duckworth delaying the publication of ''The Voyage Out'' until 26 March 1915.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=322}}
In the autumn of 1914 the couple moved to a house on [[Richmond Green]],{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=325}} and in late March 1915 the couple moved to Hogarth House, also in [[Richmond, London|Richmond]], after which they named [[Hogarth Press|their publishing house]] in 1917.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=346-347, 358}} The decision to move to London's suburbs was made for the sake of Woolf's health, and the couple would spend the [[First World War]] between Richmond and Asham.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|p=346}} Many of Woolf's circle of friends were against the war, and Woolf herself opposed it from a standpoint of pacifism and anti-censorship.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=339-341,345}} Leonard was exempted from the [[Military Service Act 1916|introduction of conscription in 1916]] on medical grounds.{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=13}} The Woolfs employed two servants at the recommendation of [[Roger Fry]] in 1916; Lottie Hope worked for a number of other Bloomsbury Group members, and [[Nellie Boxall]] would stay with them until 1934.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=349-350}}
{{main|Memoir Club}}▼
{{multiple image | header = ''Bloomsberries''| align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | float = none▼
| image1 = Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy1915 (3x4 crop).jpg| caption1 = [[Mary MacCarthy]] and son 1915|alt1=Photo of Mary MacCarthy with her son Michael in 1915. Taken by Lady Ottoline Morrell |width1=▼
| image2 = EMForster1917.jpg| caption2 = [[E. M. Forster]] 1917| alt2 =Portrait of E M Forster 1917| width2=▼
| image3 = Duncan Grant with John Maynard Keynes.jpg| caption3 = [[Duncan Grant]] (L)<br />[[John Maynard Keynes]] 1912| alt3=Photo of Duncan Grant talking to John Maynard Keynes in 1912| width3=▼
| image4 = Roger Fry (Coburn) 1913 (cropped).jpg| caption4 = [[Roger Fry]] 1913|alt4= Portrait of Roger Fry in 2013| width4=▼
| image5 = David Garnett.jpg| caption5 = [[David Garnett]] {{circa|1902}}|alt5= Portrait of David Garnett, aged about 20|width5=▼
}}▼
1920 saw a postwar reconstitution of the Bloomsbury Group, under the title of the [[Memoir Club]], which as the name suggests focussed on self-writing, in the manner of [[Proust]]'s ''[[A La Recherche]]'', and inspired some of the more influential books of the 20th century. The Group, which had been scattered by the war, was reconvened by [[Molly MacCarthy|Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy]] who called them "Bloomsberries", and operated under rules derived from the [[Cambridge Apostles]], an elite university debating society that a number of them had been members of. These rules emphasised candour and openness. Among the 125 memoirs presented, Virginia contributed three that were published posthumously in 1976, in the autobiographical anthology ''[[Moments of Being]]''. These were ''22 Hyde Park Gate'' (1921), ''Old Bloomsbury'' (1922) and ''Am I a Snob?'' (1936).{{sfn|Rosenbaum|Haule|2014}}▼
[[File:Vita Sackville-West at Monk's House.jpg|thumb|[[Vita Sackville-West]] at Monk's House {{circa|1934}}|alt=Photo of Vita Sackville-West in armchair at Virginia's home at Monk's House, smoking and with dog on her lap]]▼
On 14 December 1922{{sfn|Bell|1972|loc=Vol. II |p=235}} Woolf met the writer and gardener [[Vita Sackville-West]],{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=13}} wife of [[Harold Nicolson]]. This period was to prove fruitful for both authors, Woolf producing three novels, ''To the Lighthouse'' (1927), ''Orlando'' (1928), and ''The Waves'' (1931) as well as a number of essays, including "[[Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown]]" (1924) and "[[A Letter to a Young Poet]]" (1932).{{sfn|Hussey|2006}} The two women remained friends until Woolf's death in 1941.▼
Virginia Woolf also remained close to her surviving siblings, Adrian and Vanessa.{{sfn|Briggs|2006a|p=13}}▼
=== Further works (1924{{ndash}}1940) ===
Between 1924 and 1940 the Woolfs returned to Bloomsbury, taking out a ten-year lease at 52 [[Tavistock Square]],{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=13}} from where they ran the [[Hogarth Press]] from the basement, where Virginia also had her writing room.{{sfn|Garnett|2011|pp=52–54}}
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The Woolf's final residence in London was at 37 [[Mecklenburgh Square]] (1939–1940), destroyed during [[the Blitz]] in September 1940; a month later their previous home on Tavistock Square was also destroyed. After that, they made Sussex their permanent home.{{sfn|Lee|1997a|pp=728-730,733}}
{{main|Hogarth Press}}
{{multiple image
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Both the Woolfs were internationalists and pacifists who believed that promoting understanding between peoples was the best way to avoid another world war and chose quite consciously to publish works by foreign authors of whom the British reading public were unaware.{{sfn|McTaggart|2010}} The first non-British author to be published was the Soviet writer [[Maxim Gorky]], the book ''Reminiscences of Leo Nikolaiovich Tolstoy'' in 1920, dealing with his friendship with Count [[Leo Tolstoy]].{{sfn|Heyes|2016}}
▲==== Memoir Club (1920–1941) ====
▲{{main|Memoir Club}}
▲{{multiple image | header = ''Bloomsberries''| align = center | direction = horizontal | total_width = 600 | float = none
▲| image1 = Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy1915 (3x4 crop).jpg| caption1 = [[Mary MacCarthy]] and son 1915|alt1=Photo of Mary MacCarthy with her son Michael in 1915. Taken by Lady Ottoline Morrell |width1=
▲| image2 = EMForster1917.jpg| caption2 = [[E. M. Forster]] 1917| alt2 =Portrait of E M Forster 1917| width2=
▲| image3 = Duncan Grant with John Maynard Keynes.jpg| caption3 = [[Duncan Grant]] (L)<br />[[John Maynard Keynes]] 1912| alt3=Photo of Duncan Grant talking to John Maynard Keynes in 1912| width3=
▲| image4 = Roger Fry (Coburn) 1913 (cropped).jpg| caption4 = [[Roger Fry]] 1913|alt4= Portrait of Roger Fry in 2013| width4=
▲| image5 = David Garnett.jpg| caption5 = [[David Garnett]] {{circa|1902}}|alt5= Portrait of David Garnett, aged about 20|width5=
▲}}
▲1920 saw a postwar reconstitution of the Bloomsbury Group, under the title of the [[Memoir Club]], which as the name suggests focussed on self-writing, in the manner of [[Proust]]'s ''[[A La Recherche]]'', and inspired some of the more influential books of the 20th century. The Group, which had been scattered by the war, was reconvened by [[Molly MacCarthy|Mary ('Molly') MacCarthy]] who called them "Bloomsberries", and operated under rules derived from the [[Cambridge Apostles]], an elite university debating society that a number of them had been members of. These rules emphasised candour and openness. Among the 125 memoirs presented, Virginia contributed three that were published posthumously in 1976, in the autobiographical anthology ''[[Moments of Being]]''. These were ''22 Hyde Park Gate'' (1921), ''Old Bloomsbury'' (1922) and ''Am I a Snob?'' (1936).{{sfn|Rosenbaum|Haule|2014}}
▲==== Vita Sackville-West (1922–1941) ====
▲[[File:Vita Sackville-West at Monk's House.jpg|thumb|[[Vita Sackville-West]] at Monk's House {{circa|1934}}|alt=Photo of Vita Sackville-West in armchair at Virginia's home at Monk's House, smoking and with dog on her lap]]
▲On 14 December 1922{{sfn|Bell|1972|loc=Vol. II |p=235}} Woolf met the writer and gardener [[Vita Sackville-West]],{{sfn|Todd|1999|p=13}} wife of [[Harold Nicolson]]. This period was to prove fruitful for both authors, Woolf producing three novels, ''To the Lighthouse'' (1927), ''Orlando'' (1928), and ''The Waves'' (1931) as well as a number of essays, including "[[Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown]]" (1924) and "[[A Letter to a Young Poet]]" (1932).{{sfn|Hussey|2006}} The two women remained friends until Woolf's death in 1941.
▲Virginia Woolf also remained close to her surviving siblings, Adrian and Vanessa.{{sfn|Briggs|2006a|p=13}}
=== Mental health ===
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