Conservatism: Difference between revisions

[[Robert Nisbet]] acknowledges that the decline of traditional authority in the modern world is partly linked with the retreat of old institutions such as [[guild]], [[Fraternal order|order]], [[parish]], and [[family]]—institutions that formerly acted as intermediaries between the state and the individual.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nisbet |first=Robert A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RwjesgEACAAJ |title=The Sociological Tradition |date=1993 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-56000-667-1 |location=New York |orig-date=1966}}</ref>{{sfn|Kojève|2020|p=xvii}} [[Hannah Arendt]] claims that the modern world suffers an existential crisis with a "dramatic breakdown of all traditional authorities," which are needed for the continuity of an established civilisation.<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Arendt|author-first=Hannah|title=Between Past and Future: Six Exercises in Political Thought|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RPw6VjmddrkC|year=1954|publisher=Viking Press|pages=91–92}}</ref>{{sfn|Kojève|2020|pp=xviii–xix}}

 

[[Edmund Burke]] has been widely regarded as the philosophical founder of modern conservatism.<ref>{{cite book|author-last=Heywood|author-first=Andrew|title=Political Ideologies: An Introduction|edition=3|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2003|page=74|isbn=978-0-333-96178-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DtSlJAAACAAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-last=Lock|author-first=F. P.|title=Edmund Burke. Volume II: 1784–1797|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=2006|page=585}}</ref> He served as the private secretary to the [[Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham|Marquis of Rockingham]] and as official pamphleteer to the [[Rockingham Whigs|Rockingham branch of the Whig party]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Edmund Burke: Selected Writings and Speeches|last=Stanlis|first=Peter J.|publisher=Transaction Publishers|year=2009|page=18}}</ref> Together with the Tories, they were the conservatives in the late 18th century United Kingdom.{{sfn|Auerbach|1959|p=33}}