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An '''electric car''' or '''electric vehicle''' ('''EV''') is a [[passenger car|passenger automobile]] that is propelled by an [[electric motor|electric]] [[traction motor]], using [[electrical energy]] as the primary source of [[propulsion]]. The term normally refers to a [[plug-in electric vehicle]], typically a [[battery electric vehicle]] (BEV), which only uses energy stored in [[electric vehicle battery|on-board battery packs]], but broadly may also include [[plug-in hybrid electric vehicle]] (PHEV), [[range extender|range-extended]] electric vehicle (REEV) and [[fuel cell electric vehicle]] (FCEV), which can convert electric power from other [[fuel]]s via a [[electric generator|generator]] or a [[fuel cell]].
Compared to conventional [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quieter, more responsive, have superior [[energy conversion efficiency]] and no [[exhaust gas#Main motor vehicle emissions|exhaust emissions]], as well as a lower overall [[carbon footprint]] from manufacturing to end of life<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/reducing-pollution-electric-vehicles|title=Reducing Pollution with Electric Vehicles|website=www.energy.gov|language=en|access-date=2018-05-12|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180512115459/https://www.energy.gov/eere/electricvehicles/reducing-pollution-electric-vehicles|archive-date=12 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=2021-05-14 |title=Electric Vehicle Myths |url=https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/electric-vehicle-myths |access-date=2024-06-09 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> (even when a [[power plant]] supplying the electricity might add to its emissions). Due to the superior [[energy conversion efficiency]] of electric motors, electric cars also have generate less [[waste heat]], thus reduce the need for [[internal combustion engine cooling|engine cooling system]]s that are often large, sophisticated and maintenance-prone in ICE vehicles.
The [[electric vehicle battery]] typically needs to be plugged into a [[mains electricity]] [[power supply]] for [[battery charger|recharging]] in order to maximize the [[all-electric range|cruising range]]. Recharging an electric car can be done at different kinds of [[charging station]]s; these charging stations can be installed in [[private home]]s, [[parking garage]]s and [[public area]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.carbuyer.co.uk/tips-and-advice/155186/how-to-charge-an-electric-car|title=How to charge an electric car|work=Carbuyer|access-date=2018-04-22|language=en|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180423102022/http://www.carbuyer.co.uk/tips-and-advice/155186/how-to-charge-an-electric-car|archive-date=23 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> There are also [[research and development]] in other technologies such as [[battery swapping]] and [[inductive charging]]. As the [[electric vehicle charging network|recharging infrastructures]] (especially those with [[fast charger]]s) are still in its relative infancy, [[range anxiety]] and [[time management|time cost]] are frequent psychological obstacles against electric cars during [[buyer decision process|consumer purchasing decision]]s.
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