Buddhism: Difference between revisions

'''Buddhism''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ʊ|d|ɪ|z|əm}} {{respell|BUUD|ih|zəm}}, {{IPAc-en|USalso|ˈ|b|uː|d|-}} {{respell|BOOD|-}}),{{sfnp|Wells|2008|p=}}{{sfnp|Roach|2011|p=}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/buddhism|title=buddhism noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage notes {{pipe}} Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|access-date=19 March 2023|archive-date=13 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213071447/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/buddhism|url-status=live}}</ref> also known as '''Buddha Dharma''' and '''Dharmavinaya''', is an [[Indian religion]]{{efn|"Indian religions" is a term used by scholars to describe those religions that originated on the Indian subcontinent.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Jonathan H. X. Lee|author2=Kathleen M. Nadeau |title=Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas00leej/page/504 |year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-35066-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofas00leej/page/504 504]}}, Quote: "The three other major Indian religions – Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism – originated in India as an alternative to Brahmanic/Hindu philosophy"</ref><ref>[[Jan Gonda]] (1987), ''Indian Religions: An Overview – Buddhism and Jainism'', Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd Edition, Volume 7, Editor: Lindsay Jones, Macmillan Reference, {{ISBN|0-02-865740-3}}, p. 4428</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=[[K. T. S. Sarao]]|author2=Jefferey Long |title=Encyclopedia of Indian Religions: Buddhism and Jainism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m0_njwEACAAJ |year=2017 |publisher=Springer Netherlands|isbn=978-94-024-0851-5}}, Quote: "Buddhism and Jainism, two religions which, together with Hinduism, constitute the three pillars of Indic religious tradition in its classical formulation."</ref> Early Buddhism originated on the eastern [[Indo-Gangetic plain]], spanning parts of both modern-day [[India]] and [[Nepal]].{{fact|date=March 2024}}}} and [[philosophical tradition]] based on [[Pre-sectarian Buddhism|teachings]] attributed to [[the Buddha]], a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century [[Before the Common Era|BCE]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siderits |first1=Mark |title=Buddha |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/ |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |date=2019 |access-date=22 October 2021 |archive-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521121053/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buddha/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the [[Major religious groups|world's fourth-largest religion]],<ref>"Buddhism". (2009). In ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Retrieved 26 November 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition.</ref>{{sfnp|Lopez|2001|p=239}} with over 520 million followers, known as '''Buddhists''', who comprise seven percent of the global population.<ref name="Pew_2012a">{{cite web |work=Global Religious Landscape |title=Buddhists |date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Pew Research Center |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-buddhist/ |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=8 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408011020/https://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-buddhist/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf |title=Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal |journal=International Bulletin of Missionary Research |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=28–29 |date=January 2015 |doi=10.1177/239693931503900108 |s2cid=148475861 |access-date=2015-05-29 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141543/http://www.gordonconwell.edu/resources/documents/1IBMR2015.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017|via=Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary}}</ref> Buddhism originated in the eastern [[Gangetic plain]] as a {{Transliteration|sa|[[śramaṇa]]}}–movement in the 5th century [[Common Era|BCE]], and gradually spread throughout much of Asia. It has subsequently played a major role in Asian culture and spirituality, eventually spreading to [[Western world|the West]] beginning in the 20th century.<ref name="brit">{{cite web |last1=Reynolds |first1=Frank |last2=Tucci |first2=Giuseppe |title=Buddhism |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Buddhism |website=Britannica |access-date=4 June 2024}}</ref>