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=== War of Spanish Independence and the Napoleonic Wars ===
[[File:The_palleter's_cry_(1884),_by_Joaquín_Sorolla.jpg|left|thumb|[[Joaquín Sorolla]]: [[Valencia]]ns prepare to [[Battle of Valencia (1808)|resist]] the invaders (1884)]]
While Spain had been an ally of [[Napoleon]], this changed in 1808 after France occupied Spain and installed [[Joseph Bonaparte]] as King in place of the [[Abdications of Bayonne|Bourbons]]. Although the high nobility accepted this change, the Spanish people did not and soon [[Peninsular War|a bloody guerilla war erupted]]. This war lasted until 1814, and during those years Spain would be ravaged by the estimated deaths of over a million civilians out of the twelve that populated Spain at the time.{{sfn|Fraser|2008|p=476}}{{sfn|Clodfelter|2008}}{{sfn|Sánchez Mantero|2001|pp=89-90}} Furthermore, French troops heavily looted the country, especially as the focus of the army shifted towards the [[French invasion of Russia]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}
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