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The revelations by [[whistleblower]] [[Edward Snowden]] in the summer of 2013 revealed that the NSA had monitored and tapped the cell phones and telephones of 35 heads of state worldwide, including the communications of German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2014-02-09 |title=NSA monitored calls of 35 world leaders after US official handed over contacts |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209095401/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/24/nsa-surveillance-world-leaders-calls}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> The latter expressed its outrage and the German government summoned the US ambassador for the first time. The [[2010s global surveillance disclosures|NSA affair]] also revealed unprecedented [[mass surveillance]] of German citizens by US intelligence agencies. After the US had promised to stop monitoring the German Chancellor, a US intelligence official confirmed in 2014 that the cell phone of Interior Minister [[Thomas de Maizière]] would now be monitored instead, according to reports from ''[[Bild]]''. At that time, the NSA was directly monitoring over 300 people in Germany, including business and political leaders. The spying program to monitor the German political and business elite is said to have begun as early as 1998.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2014-02-22 |language=de |title=Neue NSA-Enthüllungen - Lausch angriff auf 320 wichtige Deutsche |url=https://www.bild.de/politik/inland/politik-inland/lauschangriff-auf-320-wichtige-deutsche-34798676.bild.html |website=Bild}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
Later, the German [[German Parliamentary Committee investigation of the NSA spying scandal|NSA investigative committee]] was also spied on by the US when an BND employee, who had been spying for the CIA since 2012, handed over secret documents of the investigative committee to the Americans.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2014-07-05 |language=de |title=BND-Agent spitzelte für CIA |url=https://www.bild.de/politik/inland/cia/bnd-agent-spitzelte-fuer-cia-36692424.bild.html}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2014-07-06 |language=de |title=Medien: Festgenommener BND-Mann spionierte für CIA |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/neue-medienberichte-festgenommener-bnd-mann-spionierte-auch-fuer-die-cia-1.2032849}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> In the
According to revelations from June 2014, the US had placed a dozen spies in various German ministries, including the ministries of defense, economy, interior and foreign aid. The latter was of interest to the CIA because the BND ran covert operations abroad via the [[Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2014-07-13 |language=de |title=Medien: Mehr als ein Dutzend Spione in Ministerien |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/medien-mehr-als-ein-dutzend-spione-in-ministerien-13042586.html}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
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== Cooperation between the BND and American intelligence agencies ==
The BND emerged from the [[Gehlen Organization|Gehlen organization]], which was founded under the aegis of the Americans. Former [[Wehrmacht]] [[Major general|Major General]] [[Reinhard Gehlen]], became the leader of the organization and later the first [[President (corporate title)|president]] of the BND, which was founded in 1956 as successor. Numerous Nazi officers were among the early employees who were now recruited by the Americans against the Soviets.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |author=deutschlandfunk.de |language=de |title=Geschichte des Geheimdienstes - Warum der Bundesnachrichtendienst so viele NS-Täter rekrutierte |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/bnd-bundesnachrichtendienst-nationalsozialismus-ns-taeter-100.html}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Throughout the Cold War, the American intelligence services and the BND were close allies. One successful joint collaboration was [[Operation Rubicon]], in which almost 100 countries were spied on from 1970 onwards through the sale of manipulated encryption technology ([[C-52 (cipher machine)|CX-52]]) from the [[Switzerland|Swiss]] company [[Crypto AG]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2022-02-10 |title="Operation 'Rubikon'": #Cryptoleaks: Wie BND und CIA alle täuschten - ZDFheute |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210083234/https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/cryptoleaks-bnd-cia-operation-rubikon-100.html}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
According to media reports, the BND, the [[Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany)|BKA]] and the [[Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution|BfV]] are said to have cooperated with the CIA in setting up secret prisons (black sites). Germans are also said to have been involved in interrogations in [[Guantanamo Bay Naval Base|Guantanamo]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=2024-07-05 |date=2005-12-16 |language=de |title=Kampf gegen Terror: Schäuble rechtfertigt Verhöre: "Müssen Informationen nutzen" |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/kampf-gegen-terror-schaeuble-rechtfertigt-verhoere-muessen-informationen-nutzen-1279481.html}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
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