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β2-adrenergic agonists can trigger the activation of Gs protein-coupled β2-adrenergic receptors on the airway smooth muscle cells in the lungs. The β2-adrenergic receptors activation allows the [[adenylyl cyclase]] within the airway smooth muscle cells to catalyse the conversion of ATP to cAMP. cAMP as a second messenger further activates protein kinase A and decreases the intracellular calcium level, causing subsequent smooth muscle relaxation.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Chan |first1=Amy Hai Yan |title=Management of Respiratory Disorders and the Pharmacist's Role: Asthma |date=2019 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy |pages=244–263 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-812735-3.00508-2 |access-date=2024-03-11 |publisher=Elsevier |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-812735-3.00508-2 |isbn=978-0-12-812736-0 |last2=Watkins |first2=Kim |last3=Schneider |first3=Carl R.}}</ref>
Common side effects of inhaled β2-adrenergic agonists include tremors, [[palpitations]] and [[headache]]. The incidence and severity of side effects depend on the dose and route of administration of the β2-adrenergic agonists.<ref name=":1">{{cite
=== Inhaled short-acting muscarinic antagonists ===
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