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Two key components for intimacy are disclosure and partner responsiveness. It is extremely important that when a speaker discloses personal information their partner also discloses something personally relevant. It is also essential that the listener understand, validate and care about what the speaker is disclosing. If the speaker does not feel accepted by the listener then they may not disclose something to them in the future, which stops the development of intimacy. Emotional disclosures are also shown to foster intimacy more than factual disclosures. Factual disclosures reveal facts and information about the self (e.g., "I am divorced from my husband.") while emotional disclosures reveal a person's feelings, thoughts and judgments (e.g., "My divorce was so painful it has made it difficult for me to trust a romantic partner again"). Emotional disclosures can increase intimacy because they allow the listener to confirm and support the discloser's self-view.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Laurenceau, J., Barrett, L., & Pietromonaco, P. R.|title=Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges.|journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology|year=1998|volume=74|issue=5|doi=10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1238|pmid=9599440|pages=1238–51|s2cid=1209571 }}</ref> The transition from sharing impersonal to personal facts is crucial to the building of an intimate relationship. One must feel accepted in order to feel comfortable enough to self-disclose. Without acceptance, one partner will withdraw and fail to reveal personal facts within the relationship. Sharing ourselves also brings us out of our imaginary worlds and allows us to see the realities of the world we live in.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kelly|first=Matthew|title=The Seven Levels of Intimacy|url=https://archive.org/details/sevenlevelsofint00matt|url-access=registration|year=2005|publisher=Fireside Book|location=New York|isbn=9780743265119}}</ref> We are most comfortable sharing with those whom we like and feel like us. There is also evidence that someone who introduces themself with more intimacy is more likely to facilitate self-disclosure and intimacy with the recipient. Thus, self-disclosure breeds intimacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Ignatius|first=E.|author2=M. Kokkonen |title=Factors contributing to verbal self-disclosure|journal=Nordic Psychology|year=2007|volume=4|issue=59|pages=362–391|doi=10.1027/1901-2276.59.4.362|s2cid=145781576}}</ref> This is why we reveal ourselves most and discuss the widest range of topics with our spouses and loved ones.<ref name="Tolstedt 1984 84–90"/>
We often perceive our own self-disclosure as higher than our partner's, which can lead to ill feelings. It is hard for humans to accurately judge how fully another is disclosing to them.<ref name="Sprecher" />
===Individual differences in reciprocity===
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Whether or not one sex shares more readily is a heated debate in social psychology, but sex-role identities play a large part in the amount one chooses to reveal to another. [[Androgynous]] people disclose more intimately across contexts than do notably masculine and feminine people.<ref name="Ignatius 2007 362–391" />
Research findings on gender differences in self-disclosure are mixed. Women self-disclose to enhance a relationship, while men self-disclose relative to their control and vulnerabilities. Men initially disclose more in heterosexual relationships. Women tend to put more emphasis on intimate communication with same-sex friends than men do.<ref>Farber A. Barry. Self Disclosure in Psychotherapy. The Guilford Press. New York. 2006</ref>
In relationships, there are still other factors that contribute to the likelihood of disclosure. While people with high self-esteem tend to reveal themselves more, the reverse is also true, where self-esteem is enhanced by a partner's disclosures.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Taylor|first1=Mark|title=Importance of Self Disclosure in Modern Relationships|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/importance-self-disclosure-modern-relationships-mark-taylor|access-date=11 April 2017}}</ref> In men, self-disclosure and the level of disclosure they perceive from their wives is positively correlated with their [[self-esteem]]. For both genders, the state of a relationship and the feelings associated with it are major contributors to how much each spouse reveals themselves. Husbands and wives in a relationship marked with satisfaction, love, and commitment rate their own levels of disclosure highly as well as their perceptions of their spouses' disclosures.<ref name="Sprecher" />
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==== Nature of relationship ====
Both men and women report more self-disclosure in their relationships with friends compared to their romantic partner. Men are more likely to disclose emotional information to their male friends than to their romantic partner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science Confirms Your Boyfriend Loves His Bros More Than He Loves You |url=https://www.elitedaily.com/p/why-does-my-boyfriend-like-his-friends-more-than-me-new-study-says-hes-more-emotionally-connected-to-his-friends-2951761 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=Elite Daily |date=19 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Women report that they disclose more information and receive better advice from their friends than their husbands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Research Has Found That Women Tend To Like Their Best Friends More Than Their Husbands • Relationship Rules |url=https://www.relrules.com/research-has-found-that-women-tend-to-like-their-best-friends-more-than-their-husbands/ |access-date=2023-02-11 |language=en-US}}</ref>
One study on adolescents' self-disclosure suggests that higher self-disclosure between siblings is associated with increased conflict, while higher self-disclosure between friends is not.
====Sexual====
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When the teacher engages in self-disclosure with the students, it opens up a new channel of communication in the classroom. As the teacher shares more information about who they are and their personal life, the students begin to see a new side of their teacher that is more than the person that stands in the front of their classroom every day. The teacher is seen as a real person with their own difficulties and struggles in life. This would allow the teacher to appear more relatable to the students which would promote better student to teacher communication. Of course, the information shared with the class must be appropriate and relevant. A teacher may use an illustration of a concept using an example from their own life in order to connect with a particular audience in the class. These connections with the teacher promotes a more productive relationship.
As the teacher sets the tone of self-disclosure, students feel more willing to share in the practice of self-disclosure as well. The teacher demonstrates and helps to guide the students in understanding what is appropriate information to share in public discourses.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last=Tobin|first=Lad|year=2009|title=Self-Disclosure as a Strategic Teaching Tool|journal=College English|volume=73|pages=196–206}}</ref> As the students feel more comfortable with the teacher and begin sharing more about their own lives, the environment of the classroom is one of camaraderie and friendship. Even in online education settings, students will tend to disclose personal information or traumatic experience to faculty to seek support.
====Challenges====
With implementing self-disclosure into the classroom, comes a set of negative consequences and challenges. As the teacher shares more about their personal life, the students may become overly comfortable with the teacher. This could lead to a lack of respect for the teacher or an inability to maintain appropriate superior relationship. Self-disclosure may blur the lines of the roles between the student and the teacher, which could disrupt the authority the teacher needs to maintain their role in the classroom and have an effective teaching persona.<ref name=":7" /> There is the case that not all students will connect to this method of teaching. Some students may not choose to participate in this environment which could lead them to feel alienated. Self-disclosure from the teacher needs to be taken into deep consideration so that the sharing of information does not take away from the education being transferred. It is important to note that in spite of the challenges associated with self-disclosure in the classroom, that self-disclosure does enhance greater pro-sociality, better empathy to people's emotions, and greater interpersonal relations through shared neuronal response.
There are some risks involved in bringing self-disclosure into the classroom when students begin sharing information with the teacher. As the student is more open with the teacher, there is the chance that the student could share information that would require the teacher to follow a reporting procedure. If a student reveals information about themself in confidence to the teacher that implies that the students life is potentially at risk, or other matters of equal seriousness that would need to be reported to the school guidance counselor. Revealing this information although confidentiality was implied would inevitably break the trust the teacher has built with the student, ultimately harming their relationship. This hurt relationship could negatively impact that students ability to learn in the classroom. In another scenario, students may not fully understand the differences between public and private discourse. This would lead students to have conversations of self-disclosure in the classroom when the timing is not appropriate, therefore, taking away from the educational matters at hand.
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