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Musicologist [[Charles Hamm]] described three types of jazz music at the time: black music for black audiences, black music for white audiences, and white music for white audiences.{{sfn|Savran|2006|p=461}} Jazz artists like Louis Armstrong originally received very little airtime because most stations preferred to play the music of white American jazz singers. Other jazz vocalists include Bessie Smith and [[Florence Mills]]. In urban areas, such as Chicago and New York, African-American jazz was played on the radio more often than in the suburbs. Big-band jazz, like that of [[James Reese Europe]] and Fletcher Henderson in New York, attracted large radio audiences.{{sfn|Barlow|1995|pp=326–327}}
Several "sweet jazz" dance orchestras also achieved national recognition in big band remote broadcasts including: [[Guy Lombardo]]'s Royal Canadian Orchestra, at New York City's [[Roosevelt Hotel (New York)|Roosevelt Hotel]] (1929) and at the [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]] (1959),<ref>{{cite book|last=Crump |first=William D. |title=Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide |publisher=McFarland & Co. |publication-place=London |date=2008 |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujTfCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101 |isbn=978-0-7864-3393-3}}</ref> and [[Shep Fields]]'s Rippling Rhythm Orchestra<ref name="nyt1">{{cite web |title=SHEP FIELDS, LEADER OF BIG BAND KNOWEN FOR RIPPLING RYTHEM (Published 1981) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/24/obituaries/shep-fields-leader-of-big-band-knowen-for-rippling-rythem.html |website=The New York Times |accessdate=28 October 2020 |date=24 February 1981}}</ref> at Chicago's landmark [[Palmer House Hotel]] (1936),<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Who_is_who_in_Music/5qM7AQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Shep+Fields+Biltmore+Hotel&dq=Shep+Fields+Biltmore+Hotel&printsec=frontcover Who Is Who In Music. Berghan Publishing Co. 1941 p. 93 Biography of Shep Fields on Google Books]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GKgJNIaWn1IC&q=Shep+Fields+society+band&pg=PA95 ''America's Music Makers: Big bands and Ballrooms 1912-2011'' Jack Behrens.AuthorHouse, Indiana, 2010 p. 95 Shep Fields society band broadcasting on radio from the Palmer House on Books.Google.com]</ref> New York City's "Star-light Roof" in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel (1937),<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=oaYrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5fwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=6717,4906729&dq=broadcast+hotel+shep+fields&hl=en ''The Telegraph - Obituaries: Shep Fields Dies -noted bandleader'' February 24, 1981 "Shep Fields and Waldorf Astoria Hotel" on books.google.com]</ref> and the [[Copacabana (nightclub)|Copacabana]] nightclub.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/KUz_qcJQmnUC?gbpv=1&pg=PA61 |title=The Copacabana |last=Baggelaar |first=Kristin |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |date=2006 |page=61 |isbn=978-0-7385-4919-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT33 |work=The Billboard |date=February 24, 1945 |page=34 |title=New Band for Kelly-Wood |quote=Shep Fields is set for the Copacabana}}</ref>
== Elements and influences ==
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