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'''Robert Nesta Marley''' {{Post-nominals|country=JAM|post-noms=[[Order of Merit (Jamaica)|OM]]}} (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican [[reggae]] singer, guitarist, and songwriter. Considered one of the pioneers of the genre, he fused elements of reggae, [[ska]] and [[rocksteady]] and was renowned for his distinctive vocal and songwriting style.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/caribbean/jamaica/articles/bob-marley-anatomy-of-an-icon/ |title=Bob Marley: Anatomy of an Icon |first=A.J. |last=Samuels |date=20 April 2012 |access-date=10 October 2017 |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531155256/https://theculturetrip.com/caribbean/jamaica/articles/bob-marley-anatomy-of-an-icon/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youthlinkjamaica.com/marley-new-view-cultural-icon |title='Marley' – a new view of a cultural icon |website=www.youthlinkjamaica.com |access-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010104634/http://www.youthlinkjamaica.com/marley-new-view-cultural-icon |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Marley increased the visibility of [[Jamaican music]] worldwide and made him a global figure in popular culture.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.biography.com/news/bob-marley-biography-facts |title=7 Fascinating Facts About Bob Marley |access-date=10 October 2017 |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155428/https://www.biography.com/news/bob-marley-biography-facts |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Toynbee2013">{{cite book |first=Jason |last=Toynbee |title=Bob Marley: Herald of a Postcolonial World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BkDohE6Qd3oC&pg=PA1969 |access-date=23 August 2013 |date=8 May 2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-7456-5737-0 |pages=1969– |archive-date=12 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012235034/http://books.google.com/books?id=BkDohE6Qd3oC&pg=PA1969 |url-status=live }}</ref> He became known as a [[Rastafari|Rastafarian]] icon, and he infused his music with a sense of spirituality.<ref name="Masouri">{{cite book |first=Jon |last=Masouri |title=Wailing Blues – The Story of Bob Marley's Wailers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rq_7iIvMvYgC&pg=PT242 |access-date=7 September 2013 |publisher=Music Sales Group |isbn=978-0-85712-035-9 |date=11 November 2009 |archive-date=12 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012232215/http://books.google.com/books?id=Rq_7iIvMvYgC&pg=PT242 |url-status=live }}</ref> Marley is also considered a global symbol of Jamaican music and [[Culture of Jamaica|culture]] and identity and was controversial in his outspoken support for democratic social reforms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bob Marley |url=https://catalog.losgatosca.gov/Author/Home?author=%22Marley,+Bob%22&basicSearchType=Author&filter%5B%5D=itype:%22Adult+and+Teen+Materials%22&filter%5B%5D=rating_facet:%22Unrated%22&sort=relevance&view=list |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=Los Gatos Library |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224203625/https://catalog.losgatosca.gov/Author/Home?author=%22Marley,+Bob%22&basicSearchType=Author&filter%5B%5D=itype:%22Adult+and+Teen+Materials%22&filter%5B%5D=rating_facet:%22Unrated%22&sort=relevance&view=list |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=mauzy |date=2020-01-31 |title=Bob Marley Day celebration is Feb. 6 |url=https://news.ohio.edu/news/2020/01/bob-marley-day-celebration-feb-6 |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=OHIO News |language=en |archive-date=24 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240224203835/https://news.ohio.edu/news/2020/01/bob-marley-day-celebration-feb-6 |url-status=live }}</ref> Marley also supported the legalisation of [[Cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] and advocated for [[Pan-Africanism]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/varun-soni/bob-marleys-spiritual-leg_b_453614.html |title=Bob Marley's Spiritual Legacy |first=Varun |last=Soni |website=huffingtonpost.com |access-date=11 July 2017 |date=2 July 2010 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002132019/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/varun-soni/bob-marleys-spiritual-leg_b_453614.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1976, Marley survived [[Attempted assassination of Bob Marley|an
Born in [[Nine Mile, Jamaica]], Marley began his career in 1963, after forming the group Teenagers with [[Peter Tosh]] and [[Bunny Wailer]], which became [[Bob Marley and the Wailers|the Wailers]]. In 1965, they released their debut studio album, ''[[The Wailing Wailers]]'', which included the single "[[One Love/People Get Ready|One Love]]", a reworking of "[[People Get Ready]]". It was popular worldwide and established the group as a rising figure in reggae.<ref name="Gooden2003">{{cite book |first=Lou |last=Gooden |title=Reggae Heritage: Jamaica's Music History, Culture & Politic |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GSbzpWSGkGUC&pg=PA293 |access-date=25 August 2013 |year=2003 |publisher=AuthorHouse |isbn=978-1-4107-8062-1 |pages=293– }}</ref> The Wailers released 11 more studio albums, and after signing to [[Island Records]], changed their name to Bob Marley and the Wailers. While initially employing louder instrumentation and singing, they began engaging in rhythmic-based song construction in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which coincided with Marley's conversion to Rastafari. Around this time, Marley relocated to London, and the group embodied their musical shift with the release of the album ''[[The Best of The Wailers]]'' (1971).<ref>{{cite interview |url=http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/bunnylee/bunnylee2.htm |first=Bunny |last=Lee |title=Interview |work=Reggae Vibes |interviewer=Peter I. |date=23 August 2013 |access-date=23 August 2013 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085608/http://www.reggae-vibes.com/concert/bunnylee/bunnylee2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
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