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The '''Mitanni''' were a people of [[Indic]] origin who ruled a vast kingdom (with a common [[Hurrian]] population) in West [[Asia]] in the [[2nd millennium BC|second millennium BC]]. Mitanni arose near the sources of the [[Khabur River]] in [[Mesopotamia]] sometime after [[1500s BC|1500 BC]]. It was a [[feudal state]] led by a warrior nobility. The kingdom ruled northern [[Mesopotamia]] (including [[Syria]]) for about 300 years, out of their capital of [[Washshukanni]], (or Wassukkani, or Vasukhani, meaning "a mine of wealth.") Their warriors were called ''marya'', which is the proper [[Sanskrit]] term for it.
By approximately [[1350s BC|1350 BC]], the Mitanni kingdom had weakened, and had become practically dependent on the [[Hittites]], then under the rule of [[Shuppiluliuma I]]. [[Assyria]], previously under Mitanni control, was able to assert its independence during the reign of [[Ashuruballit I]] in approximately [[1330s BC|1330 BC]].
They seem to have venerated [[Vedas|Vedic]] deities and their nobility used [[Indo-Aryans|Indo-Aryan]] names, and worshipped Indo-Aryan gods. In a treaty between the [[Hittites]] and the Mitanni, Indic deities [[Mitra]], [[Varuna]], [[Indra]], and [[Nasatya]] (Ashvins) are invoked. A text by a Mitannian named Kikkuli uses words such as ''aika'' (''eka'', one), ''tera'' (''tri'', three), ''panza'' (''pancha'', five), ''satta'' (''sapta'', seven), ''na'' (''nava'', nine), ''vartana'' (''vartana'', round). Another text has ''babru'' (''babhru'', brown), ''parita'' (''palita'', grey), and ''pinkara'' (''pingala'', red). Their chief festival was the celebration of ''[[vishuva]]'' ([[solstice]]) very much like in [[India]]. It is not only the kings who had [[Sanskrit]] names; a large number of other Sanskrit names have been unearthed in the records from the area.
==Chronology of Mitanni rulership==
* [[Kirta]] [[1500s BC|1500 BC]]-[[1490s BC|1490 BC]]
* [[Suttarna I]] [[1490s BC|1490 BC]]-[[1470s BC|1470 BC]]
* [[Baratarna]] [[1470s BC|1470 BC]]-[[1450s BC|1450 BC]]
* [[Parsatatar]] [[1450s BC|1450 BC]]-[[1440s BC|1440 BC]]
* [[Saustatar]] [[1440s BC|1440 BC]]-[[1410s BC|1410 BC]]
* [[Artatama]] [[1410s BC|1410 BC]]-[[1400s BC|1400 BC]]
* [[Suttarna II]] [[1400s BC|1400 BC]]-[[1380s BC|1385 BC]]
* [[Artashumara]] [[1380s BC|1385 BC]]-[[1380s BC|1380 BC]]
* [[Tushratta]] [[1380s BC|1380 BC]]-[[1350s BC|1350 BC]]
* [[Mattivaza]] [[1350s BC|1350 BC]]-[[1320s BC|1320 BC]]
* [[Sattuara I]] [[1320s BC|1320 BC]]-[[1300s BC|1300 BC]]
* [[Vashasatta]] [[1300s BC|1300 BC]]-[[1280s BC|1280 BC]]
* [[Sattuara II]] [[1280s BC|1280 BC]]-[[1270s BC|1270 BC]]
The name [[Sutarna I]] means ("good sun"). He was followed by [[Paratarna I]] ("great sun"), [[Parashukshatra]] ("ruler with axe"), [[Saukshatra]] ("son of Sukshatra, the good ruler"), [[Paratarna II]], [[Artatama]] or Ritadhama ("abiding in cosmic law"), [[Sutarna II]], [[Dasharatha]], and finally [[Mativaja]] (Matiwazza, "whose wealth is prayer") during whose lifetime the Mitanni state appears to have become a vassal to [[Assyria]].
The daughter of the King [[Tushratta]] (Tushyaratha or Dasharatha), Princess [[Tadukhipa]], became the second queen of [[Akhenaten]]; the daughter of King [[Artatama]] was married to [[Thutmose IV]], [[Akhenaten]]'s grandfather; and the daughter of Sutarna II ([[Gilukhipa]]) was married to his father, [[Amenhotep III]], the great builder of temples who ruled during [[
==External links==
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