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The order led to the internment of Japanese Americans or AJAs (Americans of Japanese Ancestry); some 120,000 [[Japanese people|ethnic Japanese]] people were held in [[internment camps]] for the duration of the war. Of the Japanese interned, 62% were [[Nisei]] (American-born, second-generation Japanese American and therefore [[American citizen]]s) or [[Sansei]] (third-generation Japanese American, also American citizens) and the rest were [[Issei]] (Japanese immigrants and resident aliens, first-generation Japanese American).
Japanese Americans were by far the most widely affected group, as all persons with Japanese ancestry were removed from the West Coast and southern Arizona. As then California Attorney General [[Earl Warren]] put it, "When we are dealing with the Caucasian race we have methods that will test the loyalty of them. But when we deal with the Japanese, we are on an entirely different field."<ref>http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/ww2/male.shtml</ref> In Hawaii, where there were 140,000 Americans of Japanese Ancestry (constituting 37% of the population), only selected individuals of heightened perceived risk were interned.
Americans of Italian and German ancestry were also targeted by these restrictions, including internment. 11,000 people of [[Germans|German ancestry]] were interned, as were 3,000 people of [[Italians|Italian ancestry]], along with some [[Jew]]ish refugees. The Jewish refugees who were interned came from Germany, and the U.S. government didn't differentiate between ethnic Jews and ethnic Germans. Some of the internees of European descent were interned only briefly, and others were held for several years beyond the end of the war. Like the Japanese internees, these smaller groups had American-born citizens in their numbers, especially among the children. A few members of ethnicities of other Axis countries were interned, but exact numbers are unknown.
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==Opposition==
[[FBI]] Director [[J. Edgar Hoover]]
==Post-World War II==
Executive Order 9066 was rescinded by [[Gerald Ford]] on February 19, 1976.<ref>[http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/library/speeches/760111p.htm President Gerald R. Ford's Proclamation 4417].</ref> In 1980, [[Jimmy Carter]] signed legislation to create the [[Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians]] (CWRIC). The CWRIC was appointed to conduct an official governmental study of Executive Order 9066, related wartime orders, and their impact on Japanese Americans in the West and [[Alaska Natives]] in the [[Pribilof Islands]].
In December 1982, the CWRIC issued its findings in ''Personal Justice Denied'', concluding that the incarceration of Japanese Americans had not been justified by military necessity. The report determined that the decision to incarcerate was based on "race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership." The Commission recommended legislative remedies consisting of an official [[Federal Government of the United States|Government]] apology and redress payments of $20,000 to each of the survivors; a public education fund was set up to help ensure that this would not happen again (Public Law 100-383).
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==External links==
* [http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=74&page=transcript Text of Executive Order No. 9066]
* [http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist9/evacorder.html Instructional poster for San Francisco]
* [http://ipr.ues.gseis.ucla.edu/images/Evacuation_Poster.pdf Instructional poster for Los Angeles]
*[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/89manzanar/89manzanar.htm ''“The War Relocation Centers of World War II: When Fear Was Stronger than Justice”'', a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan]
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