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== Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease ==
There has been strong evidence from [[epidemiological studies]], human and animal [[intervention experiments]], supporting the links between high rate of salt intake, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases<ref name="Cappuccio">Francesco P Cappuccio, "Salt and cardiovascular disease" BMJ 2007; 334 : 859 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39175.364954.BE (Published 26 April 2007)</ref>. Short term studies have proven that a decrease in dietary salt intake will decrease blood pressure, irrespective of sex, race, age, physical activity level, and [[body mass]]. However, to properly study the effects of sodium intake levels on risk of development of cardiovascular disease, long term studies of large groups using both dietary and biochemical measures are necessary<ref name="Cappuccio"/>. Most of these studies, with a few exceptions, show [[statistical significance]] that groups with sodium reduced diets show lower incidences of cardiovascular disease in all demographics<ref name="Cappuccio"/><ref name="Cook"/>. A study by Cook and colleagues were the first to show reduction of cardiovascular disease after 15 years of sodium reduction in a randomised trial<ref name="Cook"> Cook NR, Cutler JA, Obarzanek E, et al. Long-term effects of dietary sodium on cardiovascular disease outcomes: [[Observational study|observational follow-up]] of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP). BMJ 2007; DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55. </ref>.
More data is needed to support the conclusions of observational studies which suffer from design flaws<ref name="Cook"/>. Many of these studies are not large enough, nor last long enough to provide conclusions on clinical outcomes for the effect of dietary sodium intake on morbidity and mortality<ref name="Cook"/>. Previous mixed results and inconclusive interpretation of non-experimental studies may also root from the way sodium is measured in the study<ref name="Cook"/>.
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