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'''Lutheranism''' is a major branch of [[Western Christianity]] that identifies with the theology of [[Martin Luther]], a [[Germans|German]] [[Protestant Reformers|reformer]]. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Beginning with the [[The 95 Theses|95 Theses]], Luther's writings disseminated internationally, spreading the ideas of the Reformation beyond the ability of governmental and churchly authorities to control it.<ref><cite>MSN Encarta</cite>, s.v. "[http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761561935/Lutheranism.html Lutheranism]" by [[George Forell|George Wolfgang Forell]]; <cite>Christian Cyclopedia</cite>, s.v. "[http://www.lcms.org/ca/www/cyclopedia/02/display.asp?t1=r&word=REFORMATION.LUTHERAN Reformation, Lutheran]" by Lueker, E. et. al. [http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257013960118540 Archived] 2009-10-31.</ref>
The name "Lutheran" originated as a derogatory term used against Luther by [[Johann Eck]] during the [[Leipzig Debate]] in July 1519.<ref name=OOE796>Espín, Orlando O.CATHOLICS ROCK and Nickoloff, James B. ''An introductory dictionary of theology and religious studies''. Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, p. 796.</ref> Eck and other [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] followed the traditional practice of naming a heresy after its leader, thus labeling all who identified with the [[theology of Martin Luther]] as Lutherans.<ref name=ENC3>Fahlbusch, Erwin, and Bromiley, Geoffrey William, ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity, Volume 3''. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2003. p.362.</ref> Martin Luther always disliked the term, preferring instead to describe the reform movement with the term "Evangelical", which was derived from a word meaning "Gospel."<ref name=OOE796/> Lutherans themselves began to use the term in the middle of the 16th century in order to identify themselves from other groups, such as [[Philippists]] and [[Calvinists]]. In 1597, theologians in [[University of Halle-Wittenberg|Wittenberg]] used the title "Lutheran" to describe the true church based upon the true doctrine of the gospel.<ref name=ENC3/>
The split between the Lutherans and the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]] began with the [[Diet of Worms|Edict of Worms in 1521]], which officially excommunicated Luther and all of his followers.<ref name=ENC3/> The divide centered over the doctrine of [[Justification_(theology)#Lutheranism|Justification]]. Lutheranism advocates a doctrine of justification "by [[Sola gratia|grace alone]] through [[Sola fide#Justification in Lutheranism|faith alone]] because of [[Solus Christus|Christ alone]]" which went against the Roman view of "faith formed by love", or "faith and works". Unlike the [[Reformed Churches]], Lutherans retain many of the [[liturgy|liturgical]] practices and [[Sacraments#Lutheran_teaching|sacramental]] teachings of the pre-Reformation Church. Lutheran theology significantly differs from Reformed theology in [[Scholastic Lutheran Christology|Christology]], the purpose of [[Law_and_Gospel#Lutheran_and_Reformed_differences|God's Law]], divine [[Irresistible_grace#Lutheran|grace]], the concept of [[Perseverance_of_the_saints#Lutheran_view|perseverance of the saints]], and [[Predestination#In_Lutheranism|predestination]].
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The [[Religion_in_Sweden#The_Protestant_Reformation|Reformation in Sweden]] began with [[Olaus Petri|Olaus]] and [[Laurentius Petri]], brothers who took the Reformation to Sweden after studying in Germany. They led [[Gustav Vasa]], elected king in 1523, to Lutheranism. The pope's refusal to allow the replacement of an archbishop that supported the invading forces opposing Gustav Vasa during the [[Stockholm Bloodbath]] led to the discontinuance of any official connection between Sweden and the papacy in 1523.<ref name="Gilbert-12">[http://vlib.iue.it/carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/12.html Chapter 12 The Reformation In Germany And Scandinavia], Renaissance and Reformation by William Gilbert.</ref>
Four years later, at the [[Riksdag of the Estates|Diet of Västerås]], the king succeeded in forcing the diet to accept his dominion over the national church. The king was given possession of all church properties such as the church appointments and the clergy. While this effectively granted
===Schmalkaldic War and the Formula of Concord===
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