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During his early years at the JPL, James worked on the [[MGM-5 Corporal]] and [[MGM-29 Sergeant]] guided missiles. As the work at the JPL changed from military rockets to spacecraft, he worked on the [[Pioneer 4]] lunar probe and other missions.<ref name="NYTobit"/> In 1961, he was named Project Manager of the Mariner Venus Project that led to the success of [[Mariner 2]] which carried out the first ever [[planetary flyby]], passing [[Venus]] on 14 December 1962.<ref name="JPL Library and Archives"/><ref name="NYTobit"/> James was also Project Manager for the Mariner Mars Project that led to [[Mariner 4]]'s successful flyby of [[Mars]] on 14 July 1965.<ref name="JPL Library and Archives"/><ref name="NYTobit"/> These were the first successful planetary encounters, and the first missions to return data from Venus and Mars.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mariner 2|work=National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC)|publisher=NASA|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1962-041A|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mariner 4|work=National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC)|publisher=NASA|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=1964-077A|accessdate=28 December 2012}}</ref>
For his work on the Mariner program, James was presented with a public service award from NASA, and received awards from Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.<ref name="LATimesObit"/> His awards include the [[NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal]] (1965).<ref name="JPL Library and Archives"/> He and his JPL colleague [[Robert J. Parks]] were presented with the [[Stuart Ballantine Medal]] (
==Later life==
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