Content deleted Content added
Line 17:
[[Jean-Paul Sartre]] (1905–80) contributed many other strands of existential exploration, particularly in terms of emotions, imagination, and the person's insertion into a social and political world. The philosophy of existence on the contrary is carried by a wide-ranging literature, which includes many other authors than the ones mentioned above. Other existential authors include [[Karl Jaspers]] (1951, 1963), [[Paul Tillich]], [[Martin Buber]], and [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]] within the Germanic tradition and [[Albert Camus]], [[Gabriel Marcel]], [[Paul Ricoeur]], [[Maurice Merleau-Ponty]], [[Simone de Beauvoir]] and [[Emmanuel Lévinas]] within the French tradition (see for instance Spiegelberg, 1972, Kearney, 1986 or van Deurzen-Smith, 1997).{{full|date=January 2013}}
From the start of the 20th century some psychotherapists were, however, inspired by phenomenology and its possibilities for working with people. [[Otto Rank]], an Austrian psychoanalyst who broke with Freud in the mid-1920s, was the first existential therapist. [[Ludwig Binswanger]], in [[Switzerland]], also attempted to bring existential insights to his work with patients, in the [[Kreuzlingen]] sanatorium where he was a psychiatrist. Much of his work was translated into English during the 1940s and 1950s and, together with the immigration to the USA of [[Paul Tillich]] (Tillich, 1952) and others, this had a considerable
In [[Europe]], after [[Otto Rank]], existential ideas were combined with some psychoanalytic principles and a method of existential analysis was developed by [[Medard Boss]] (1957a, 1957b, 1979) in close co-operation with Heidegger. In [[Austria]], [[Viktor Frankl]] developed an existential therapy called [[logotherapy]] (Frankl, 1964, 1967), which focused particularly on finding meaning. In France the ideas of Sartre (1956, 1962) and Merleau-Ponty (1962) and of a number of practitioners (Minkowski, 1970) were important and influential but no specific therapeutic method was developed from them.
| |||