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Daosheng controversially ascribed [[Buddha-nature]] to the [[icchantikas]], based on his reading on a short version of the [[Mahaparinirvana Sutra]], which in that short form appears to deny the Buddha-nature to icchantikas; the long version of the [[Nirvana Sutra]], however (not yet known to Daosheng), explicitly includes the icchantikas in the universality of the Buddha-nature.{{sfn|Blum|2003|pp=201-202}}{{sfn|Buswell|2013|p=370}} Daosheng's bold doctrine of including icchantikas within the purview of the Buddha-nature, even before that explicit teaching had actually been found in the long ''Nirvana Sutra'', led to the expulsion of Daosheng from the Buddhist community in 428 or 429, and he retreated to Lushan in 430.{{sfn|Lai|1982 b|p=135}}
With the availability of the long [[Nirvana Sutra]] after 430, through the translation of [[Dharmakshema]], Daosheng was vindicated and praised for his insight.{{sfn|Kim|1992|p=35}} He remained in Lushan, composing his commentary on the Lotus Sutra in 432, until his death in 434
Daosheng's exegesis of the Nirvana Sutra had an enormous influence on interpretations of the Buddha-nature in Chinese Buddhism that prepared the ground for the [[Chán]] school emerging in the 6th century.
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* {{Cite book |last=Hsiang-Kuang|first=Chou|title=A History of Chinese Buddhism|date=1956|publisher=Indo-Chinese Literature Publications|location=Allahabad|page=}}
* {{Cite book | last =Kim | first =Young-Ho | year =1985 | title =Tao-Sheng's Commentary on the Lotus Sutra: A Study and Translation | place =dissertation, Albany, NY. | publisher =McMaster University |pp = | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203134238/http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2403&context=opendissertations}}
* {{cite book|last=Kim|first=Young-ho|title=Tao-Sheng's Commentary on the Lotus Sutra: A Study and Translation|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=fslSW2tBG8UC&pg=PA36|year=1992|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-1-4384-0898-9|page=}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Lai |first=Whalen |year=1982 b |title=Sinitic speculations on buddha-nature |journal=Philosophy East and West |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=135–149 |url=http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/tanabe.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110817074400/http://buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/tanabe.htm |archivedate=August 17, 2011 |doi=10.2307/1398712}}
* {{Cite book | last =Lai | first =Whalen | year =1991 |chapter=Tao Sheng`s Theory of Sudden Enlightenment Re-examined |editor=Peter N. Gregory (ed.) | title=Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought | place =Delhi | publisher =Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited |pp =169–200}}
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